CD99/MIC‐2 surface protein expression in breast carcinomas

Milanezi, Fernanda; Pereira, Emílio Marcelo; Ferreira, Francisco Valdeci de Almeida; Leitão, Dina; Schmitt, Fernando

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2559.2001.01309.x

Cited by 40 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…16,17 Such findings supported that matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast was associated with myoepithelial cell-like differentiation: although the metaplastic cells of matrixproducing carcinoma have myoepithelial cell-like features, the origin of this cancer is considered to be derived from mammary epithelial cells. A recent report showed that CD99 (MIC2) was expressed in breast carcinoma, especially in matrix-producing carcinoma, but concluded that there was no significance between CD99 (MIC2) expression and the proliferating rate or nodal status; 18 however, it was suggested that CD99 (MIC2) expression was a useful marker to differentiate metaplastic carcinomas from primary or metastatic sarcomas of the breast, although its biological significance remains unclear. As three of our cases were positive for CD99 (MIC2), histological and immunohistological findings were compatible with matrix-producing carcinoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cartilaginous features in matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast: four cases report with histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of matrix molecules

et al. 2008

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Matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast is a well-established entity in the group of metaplastic carcinoma, which is histologically characterized by myxochondroid matrix formation and is extremely rare. We describe here four additional cases of matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast. All cases of matrix-producing carcinoma show nest-like, sheet-like, and cord-like growth of tumor cells with cellular atypia, in addition to scattered cancer cells within myxoid or myxohyalinous stroma. Three of four cases showed an acellular or oligocellular matrix-rich zone in the center of the tumor. Immunohistochemically, cancer cells of all cases were positive for cytokeratins and epithelial membrane antigens and partially positive for sox9 and p63. Aggrecan and type II collagen, which are cartilage-specific matrix molecules, were deposited in the stroma of all cases. Type I and type IV collagens were also deposited on the stroma of all cases. These findings suggest that, although cancer cells of matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast are epithelial, they transdifferentiate to chondrocyte-like cells and produce cartilage-specific matrix molecules, which are useful markers for diagnosing matrix-producing carcinoma. Modern Pathology (2008Pathology ( ) 21, 1282Pathology ( -1292 doi:10.1038/modpathol.2008 published online 11 July 2008 Keywords: aggrecan; collagens; matrix-producing carcinoma; breast; immunohistochemistry; electron-microscopy Matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast is an extremely rare and specialized variant of metaplastic carcinoma of the breast, which is a well-established entity; 1,2 because of its rarity, the features of its stroma have remained unclear.Aggrecan is a cartilage-specific major proteoglycan. 3 This macromolecule deposits in the hypertrophic zones of growth plate cartilage, 4 although it was reported to deposit in the salivary pleomorphic adenoma, which frequently showed mesenchyme-like elements, including myxoid and chondroid tissues. 5,6 Type II collagen, which is a cartilage-specific major collagen, and chondromodulin-I (ChM-I), which is cartilage-specific noncollagenous matrix protein, 4,7,8 are deposited in the normal cartilaginous matrix. These molecules can be useful markers of cartilaginous differentiation. As sox9 is a transcription factor, the expression of which induces cartilaginous differentiation, 9-11 this molecule is also a useful marker of chondroid differentiation in normal and neoplastic tissues. [9][10][11][12] We investigated the deposition of matrix molecules in matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast, histochemically and immunohistochemically.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cartilaginous features in matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast: four cases report with histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of matrix molecules

et al. 2008

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“…CD99 is a transmembrane protein expressed particularly in mature plasma cells, cortical thymocytes, pancreatic islet cells, granulosa cells of the ovary and Sertoli cells of the testis [1,2]. Its expression is strong in the Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) family [3], but it can also occur in many other mesenchymal [4,5], hematopoietic [6,7] and even some epithelial tumors [2,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its expression is strong in the Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) family [3], but it can also occur in many other mesenchymal [4,5], hematopoietic [6,7] and even some epithelial tumors [2,8,9]. CD99 is involved in differentiation of primitive neuroectodermal cells [10] and apoptosis of T cells [11], but its role in epithelial tissues and neoplasms originating from them remains poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD99 correlates with low cyclin D1, high topoisomerase 2 status and triple negative molecular phenotype but is prognostically irrelevant in breast carcinoma

Czapiewski¹,

Wełnicka-Jaśkiewicz²,

Seroczyńska³

et al. 2015

pjp

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CD99 is a protein initially described in the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors, but growing evidence has shown its expression in other tumors of mesenchymal, hematopoietic and even epithelial origin. Some articles report CD99 in metaplastic carcinoma of the breast, a subtype of breast carcinoma (BC) with pronounced epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT) phenotype. Our aim was to analyse the potential relationship between CD99 and selected EMT (vimentin, E-cadherin, Twist) and proliferation markers (Ki-67, c-myc, cyclin D1, topoisomerase 2α), molecular subtypes of BC, as well as overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). In a group of 122 cases CD99 membrane expression was seen in 14 (11.5%) cases: strong in 11 (9%) and moderate in 3 (2.5%). Expression of CD99 correlated with low cyclin D1 index, high level of topoisomerase 2α expression and lack of progesterone receptor (PR) but not with EMT characteristics. Additionally, strong expression of CD99 correlated with triple negative molecular BC phenotype. CD99 was prognostically irrelevant for OS and PFS. CD99 correlates with selected proliferative markers and low ER/PR receptor status but not with patients' outcome in BC. Further studies are required to explain precisely its role in molecular pathogenesis of BC.

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“…The positive expression of CD99 (MIC2), a cell surface glycoprotein involved in cell adhesion, plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of ES/PNET (10). However, CD99 may also be expressed in other tumours, including metaplastic carcinoma of the breast, neuroendocrine carcinoma, lymphoma and rhabdomyosarcoma (11). In our patient, small cell carcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma and malignant lymphoma were excluded by negative staining for cytokeratins, chromogranin A and LCA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Ewing’s sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumour (ES/PNET) presenting as a breast mass

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumour (ES/PNET) is a rare tumour usually detected in young individuals and uncommonly found within the breast tissue. In this case report, we examined a 46-year-old patient, who developed a lump on her breast and was later diagnosed with ES/PNET. Clinical presentation, age at development and radiological findings were of interest and were discussed. Diagnosis of the tumour was confirmed using various immunohistochemical studies and the presence of a translocation, t(11;22). A literature review of this rare condition was also included.

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CD99/MIC‐2 surface protein expression in breast carcinomas

Cited by 40 publications

References 15 publications

Cartilaginous features in matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast: four cases report with histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of matrix molecules

Cartilaginous features in matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast: four cases report with histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of matrix molecules

CD99 correlates with low cyclin D1, high topoisomerase 2 status and triple negative molecular phenotype but is prognostically irrelevant in breast carcinoma

Ewing’s sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumour (ES/PNET) presenting as a breast mass

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