CD71: Role in permafrost immunity

Abstract

Iron, an essential constituent of cell metabolism, is transported intra-cellularly bound to the ubiquitous 76 kDa blood glycoprotein transferrin via the transferrin receptor, CD71. Because of its structure, CD71 facilitates the binding and penetration of a large variety of viruses into the host. Among which the hemorrhagic fever-causing New World mammarenaviruses (family of single stranded ambisense segmented RNA Arenaviridae), the single stranded positive sense RNA hepatitis C virus, the single stranded negative sense segmented influenza A virus, the single stranded negative sense RNA rabies virus, the single stranded positive sense SARS-CoV2 and possibly many others. In this process, CD71 is associated with the target of the anti-proliferative antibody-1 (CD81) viral co-receptor. In light of the plethora of novel and ancient viruses and microbes emerging from melting eternal glacier ice and permafrost, it is timely and critical to define and characterize interventions, besides the soluble form of CD71 (sCD71), that can abrogate or minimize this novice non-canonical function of CD71.