CD4+ and CD8+ T cells mediated direct cytotoxic effect against Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes

Waldman, Arie; Segal, Ricardo; Berdicevsky, Israela; Gilhar, Amos

doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.04222.x

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Dermatophytes are acquired from the environment through passage from mammalian reservoirs and between humans. Approximately one-third of the European population is estimated to suffer from acute dermatophyte infections such as Tinea pedis “athlete's foot” through their ability, shared with Candida spp., to degrade heavily keratinised skin and thrive in warm, moist conditions [6]. A further threat posed to health by these filament-forming pathogens is their propensity to develop pseudomembranous biofilms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyphal Growth in Human Fungal Pathogens and Its Role in Virulence

Brand

2012

International Journal of Microbiology

147

119

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Most of the fungal species that infect humans can grow in more than one morphological form but only a subset of pathogens produce filamentous hyphae during the infection process. This subset is phylogenetically unrelated and includes the commonly carried yeasts, Candida albicans, C. dubliniensis, and Malassezia spp., and the acquired pathogens, Aspergillus fumigatus and dermatophytes such as Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes. The primary function of hypha formation in these opportunistic pathogens is to invade the substrate they are adhered to, whether biotic or abiotic, but other functions include the directional translocation between host environments, consolidation of the colony, nutrient acquisition and the formation of 3-dimensional matrices. To support these functions, polarised hyphal growth is co-regulated with other factors that are essential for normal hypha function in vivo.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyphal Growth in Human Fungal Pathogens and Its Role in Virulence

Brand

2012

International Journal of Microbiology

147

119

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“…It is treated with antifungal agents, but recurs frequently and reduction of the number of patients has not been achieved. Therefore, the need for studies on treatment methods based on new basic knowledge is substantial, and elucidation of the immunological mechanisms of Trichophyton-induced inflammatory reactions is especially important [3]. The important role played by the immune system in Trichophyton infection is detection of invasion by Trichophyton and its elimination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Trichophyton antigen-induced contact hypersensitivity in mouse

Nakamura

Nishibu

Yasoshima³

et al. 2012

Journal of Dermatological Science

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“…Once the maintenance of the population of peripheral T lymphocytes also depends on the peripheral immune system, it is possible that the expressive fungal load generated by the glucose‐rich environment may have released into the circulation a huge quantity of inflammatory mediators and fungal antigens, which, acting on lymphoid organs, led to a decrease in CD4 + CD8 − peripheral cells. Nevertheless, this result is interesting because, besides its modulator role (Gupta et al , 2000), these cells have been described as cytotoxic agents against spores of T. mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum (Waldman et al , 2009). Thus, the decrease in CD4 + CD8 − lymphocytes would result in the delay or failure of infection resolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphofunctional evaluation of thymus in hyperglycemic-hypoinsulinemic mice during dermatophytic infection

Venturini

Golim

Álvares

et al. 2011

FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol

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Many works have shown that the enhanced susceptibility to infection seen in diabetic patients can be related to the hyperglycemia-hypoinsulinemia (HH) observed in this condition. Herein, we evaluated the HH effects on the morphofunctional features of the thymus as well as on dermatophytic infection. We demonstrated that, not only the HH condition but also the dermatophytic infection induced transitory alterations in the thymus; it was characterized by loss of cortical-medullar definition and disorganization of the extracellular matrix. These mice also showed a decrease of CD4 1 CD81 thymocytes and a higher percentage of CD4 1 CD8 1 lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. After 7 days, the thymus and peripheral lymphocytes subsets returned to normal values. Interestingly, when the two conditions, HH condition and the infection, were associated, the mice showed a decrease in the percentage of CD4 1 CD8À blood lymphocytes that are involved in the modulation of immune response and have direct cytotoxic effects on the fungus. Taken together, our results showed that both conditions transitorily changed the thymus, but only when both these conditions are present do they trigger persistent changes that might be responsible for the higher susceptibility to dermatophytosis seen in HH patients.

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CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells mediated direct cytotoxic effect against Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes

Abstract: The study suggests a selective impairment of lymphocyte function against dermatophytes, in patients with chronic dermatophytoses.

Cited by 25 publications

References 46 publications

Hyphal Growth in Human Fungal Pathogens and Its Role in Virulence

Hyphal Growth in Human Fungal Pathogens and Its Role in Virulence

Analysis of Trichophyton antigen-induced contact hypersensitivity in mouse

Morphofunctional evaluation of thymus in hyperglycemic-hypoinsulinemic mice during dermatophytic infection

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