CD4 count as a predictor of adrenocortical insufficiency in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection: How useful?

Odeniyi, I.A; Fasanmade, O.A; Ajala, M O; Ohwovoriole, A.E

doi:10.4103/2230-8210.122615

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This finding agrees with the work of [28]. The observed higher CD4 counts in females than in male subjects could be due to the immunomodulatory effects of sex steroids, especially estrogen and progesterone [29,30].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Assessment of Antioxidant Enzymes and Cortisol Levels among HIV Patients on HAART

2016

IJSR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The chronic oxidative stress that HIV patients go through brought the need for assessment of the antioxidant levels into focus as an adjunct to the standard regiment of treating HIV patients. This study was on 116 HIV patients, of which 60 were receiving antiretroviral therapy and 56 were apparently healthy and age-matched individuals as control subjects. The bio-data and medical history of the subjects were obtained using questionnaire. These included duration of HIV infection and duration of antiretroviral treatment. The subjects that participated in this research gave their informed consent, did not have tuberculosis, diabetes or severe malaria; those with any of these conditions were excluded from the research. Female subjects who were pregnant were also excluded from the study. The subjects were within 20-70 years of age, and have had HIV for at least one year for the test group, while the control were HIV negative. Five millilitres of blood was collected from each subject after overnight fast, for the assay of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, cortisol, and CD4. The result revealed that the mean values of GPX and SOD levels of HIV positive patients on HAART were significantly lower than the control (p=0.0001). The mean cortisol levels of HIV patients on HAART were significantly higher than the control (p=0.0001). Similar trend was observed in male and female categories. Based on the results, it is indicative that HIV patients are constantly under oxidative stress, HIV drug therapy and increased cortisol levels have negative effects on the immune status of HIV patients. The need to incorporate antioxidant in treatment regiment is advocated.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Assessment of Antioxidant Enzymes and Cortisol Levels among HIV Patients on HAART

2016

IJSR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…in 2011 found a significant correlation coefficient between serum cortisol and CD4 count ( r = −0.301 with P < 0.0001). [ 6 7 22 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine alterations in HIV-infected patients

Trıpathy

Agrawala

Baliarsinha

2015

Indian J Endocr Metab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims and objectives:To study the frequency of thyroid, adrenal and gonadal dysfunction in newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients and to correlate them at different levels of CD4 cell counts.Materials and Methods:Forty-three HIV-positive cases were included in the study group. Cases were divided into three groups on the basis of CD4 cell count. Serum free T3, free T4, TSH, Cortisol, FSH, LH, testosterone and estradiol were estimated by the radioimmunoassay method. Hormone levels between cases were compared and their correlation with CD4 count was analyzed.Results:Prevalence of gonadal dysfunction (88.3%) was the most common endocrine dysfunction followed by thyroid (60.4%) and adrenal dysfunction (27.9%). Secondary hypogonadism (68.4%) was more common than primary (31.6%). Low T3 syndrome, that is, isolated low free T3, was the most common (25.6%) thyroid dysfunction followed by secondary hypothyroidism (16.2%) and subclinical hypothyroidism (11.6%). Adrenal excess (16.3%) was more common than adrenal insufficiency (11.6%). The difference in hormonal dysfunction between male and female was statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). 27.9% of patients had multiple hormone deficiency. There was negligible or no correlation between CD4 count and serum hormone level.Conclusion:In our study, endocrine dysfunction was quite common among HIV-infected patients but there was no correlation between hormone levels and CD4 count. Endocrine dysfunctions and role of hormone replacement therapy in HIV-infected patient needs to be substantiated by large longitudinal study, so that it will help to reduce morbidity, improve quality of life.

show abstract

“…Therefore, when CD4 count improves with treatment, the stress response too decreases with lower cortisol levels. The increase in cortisol level while CD4 count is falling could also be explained by decreased cortisol catabolism caused by an abnormal fatty acid profile and alterations in the concentrations and binding properties of corticosteroid-binding globulin in HIV-infected patients [8]. There was no significant correlation between CD4 count and ACTH, which suggests stress mechanism is only at the adrenal level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…There was no significant correlation between CD4 count and ACTH, which suggests stress mechanism is only at the adrenal level. The increased serum cortisol concentration observed in patients with HIV infection, most often without concomitant increase in circulating ACTH, suggests that the adrenal cortex is directly stimulated by other factors [8]. Cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interferon alpha (IFNα), acting indirectly or directly, could well modulate adrenal steroid production via their influence on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrinopathies in Hiv Infected Patients

Akbar

Hatta

Noh

et al. 2020

JCHS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Hormonal abnormality is one of many clinical manifestations of HIV infections that is not well understood. However, the consequences could affect quality of life and are potentially treatable. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of thyroid, adrenal and gonadal dysfunctions among HIV-infected patients. Methods: This is a single centre cross-sectional study involving 150 HIV-infected patients attending the HIV clinic. Each subject was required to answer specific symptoms questionnaire and their medical records were reviewed for relevant clinical and biochemical data. Blood for was collected and thyroid hormones, cortisol, ACTH, FSH, LH, testosterone and estradiol were analysed using electrochemiluminescent immunoassay. Thyroid, adrenal and gonadal axes abnormalities were identified. Results: Hypogonadism had the highest prevalence amongst the endocrine abnormalities, which was detected in 23 patients (15.3%), followed by thyroid dysfunction in 18 patients (12%) and hypocortisolism in 2 patients (1.3%). There was significant correlation between CD4 count, BMI and age with the hormone levels. Conclusion: Prevalence of endocrine abnormalities was low in these well-treated HIV-positive patients, with hypogonadism being the most common. However, significant correlations between CD4 count, age and BMI with the hormonal levels were detected. Clinical symptoms in relation to endocrinopathy are not specific as a screening tool thus underscoring the need for biochemical tests to identify these treatable conditions.

show abstract

CD4 count as a predictor of adrenocortical insufficiency in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection: How useful?

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Assessment of Antioxidant Enzymes and Cortisol Levels among HIV Patients on HAART

Assessment of Antioxidant Enzymes and Cortisol Levels among HIV Patients on HAART

Endocrine alterations in HIV-infected patients

Endocrinopathies in Hiv Infected Patients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About