CD4+CD25+Regulatory T Cells in Transplantation: Progress, Challenges and Prospects

Kang, Sang Mo; Tang, Qizhi; Bluestone, Jeffrey A.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.01829.x

Cited by 173 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Besides the in vitro expansion of nTreg [5], an obvious approach to solve this problem would be the de novo induction and expansion of Foxp3 1 Treg from abundant naïve CD4 1 T cells with recipient alloantigens [6,7]. Instead of mediating unspecific suppression, such alloantigen-induced Treg potentially could provide the advantage of antigen-specific regulation, thereby reducing the risk of disease relapse and infections [8]. Here, we present an efficient protocol to induce Foxp3 1 Treg by the use of clusterdisrupted allogeneic DC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alloantigen‐specific de novo‐induced Foxp3⁺ Treg revert in vivo and do not protect from experimental GVHD

et al. 2009

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Induced antigen-specific Foxp3 1 T cells (iTreg) are being discussed as a promising alternative to polyclonal natural Foxp3 1 T cells (nTreg) for cell-based therapies, particularly to achieve transplantation tolerance. Using Foxp3eGFP-reporter mice, we here establish an efficient protocol to induce and expand alloantigen-specific iTreg from Foxp3 À CD4 1 T cells with cluster-disrupted DC. These iTreg were mainly CD62L 1 and showed efficient suppressive activity in vitro. However, in contrast to nTreg, adoptively transferred iTreg entirely failed to prevent lethal graft versus host disease (GVHD). Within irradiated recipients, the majority of adoptively transferred Foxp3 1 iTreg, but not Foxp3 1 nTreg quickly reverted to Foxp3 À CD4 1 T cells. We therefore suggest that therapeutic approaches to treat GVHD should rely on nTreg, whereas the use of de novo alloantigen-induced iTreg should be handled with caution since the stability of the regulatory phenotype of the iTreg could be of major concern.Key words: Animal models . Dendritic cells . Graft rejection . Regulatory T cells See accompanying article by commentary by Edinger IntroductionRecent advances have demonstrated that adoptively transferred exogenous Treg can inhibit graft versus host disease (GVHD) [1][2][3]. However, the availability of sufficient numbers of donor Treg for cell-based therapies remains limited [4]. Besides the in vitro expansion of nTreg [5], an obvious approach to solve this problem would be the de novo induction and expansion of Foxp3 1 Treg from abundant naïve CD4 1 T cells with recipient alloantigens [6,7]. Instead of mediating unspecific suppression, such alloantigen-induced Treg potentially could provide the advantage of antigen-specific regulation, thereby reducing the risk of disease relapse and infections [8]. Here, we present an efficient protocol to induce Foxp3 1 Treg by the use of clusterdisrupted allogeneic DC. Such allo DC-induced iTreg were functionally active in vitro and displayed a stable regulatory phenotype upon adoptive transfer into untreated syngeneic recipients. However, when used in experimental acute GVHD, these cells quickly lost Foxp3 expression and, in contrast to nTreg, did not show any protective effect. SHORT COMMUNICATION Results and discussionTo define conditions suited for the de novo induction of alloantigen-specific iTreg, we isolated Foxp3 À CD4 1 T cells from C57BL/6 Foxp3EGFP mice and co-cultured them with BM-derived allogeneic BALB/c DC that were either matured by application of LPS or via ''cluster-disruption'' (CD-DC). Disruption of the Ecadherin-mediated cell-cell contacts induces DC maturation through mechanisms distinct from TLR signaling [9]. Since antigen-loaded CD-DC have been shown to induce tolerance in mice after i.v. injection [9] we established a protocol that allowed the conversion of naïve to Foxp3 expressing cells in vitro in the presence of allogeneic but not syngeneic CD-DC. When compared with LPS-matured DC, CD-DC showed equally high expression of MHC class II, but diminished up...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alloantigen‐specific de novo‐induced Foxp3⁺ Treg revert in vivo and do not protect from experimental GVHD

et al. 2009

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“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Similarly, self-antigen-derived peptides have also been used to induce immune tolerance and ameliorate disease in murine lupus models. 15,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Our group has developed a novel peptide pConsensus (pCons) that is based on MHC Class I and Class II T-cell determinants in the heavy chain region of murine anti-DNA IgG. 26 Intravenous administration of the peptide in BWF1 mice has been shown to reduce anti-DNA antibodies, reduce CD4 þ Th secreted Interferon-g, and prolong survival through a mechanism at least partially dependent on the generation of CD4 þ CD25 þ FoxP3 þ Tregs (CD4 þ Tregs) and CD8 þ T inhibitory cells (CD8 þ Ti).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct gene signature revealed in white blood cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in (NZBx NZW) F1 lupus mice after tolerization with anti-DNA Ig peptide

et al. 2010

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Tolerizing mice polygenically predisposed to lupus-like disease (NZB/NZW F1 females) with a peptide mimicking anti-DNA IgG sequences containing MHC class I and class II T cell determinants (pConsensus, pCons) results in protection from full-blown disease attributable in part to the induction of CD4 þ CD25 þ Foxp3 þ and CD8 þ Foxp3 þ regulatory T cells. We compared 45 000 murine genes in total white blood cells (WBC), CD4 þ T cells, and CD8 þ T cells from splenocytes of (NZBxNZW) F1 lupus-prone mice tolerized with pCons vs untreated naïve mice and found two-fold or greater differential expression for 448 WBC, 174 CD4, and 60 CD8 genes. We identified differentially expressed genes that played roles in the immune response and apoptosis. Using real-time PCR, we validated differential expression of selected genes (IFI202B, Bcl2, Foxp3, Trp-53, CCR7 and IFNar1) in the CD8 þ T cell microarray and determined expression of selected highly upregulated genes in different immune cell subsets. We also determined Smads expression in different immune cell subsets, including CD4 þ T cells and CD8 þ T cells, to detect the effects of TGF-b, known to be the major cytokine that accounts for the suppressive capacity of CD8 þ Treg in this system. Silencing of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2 or interferon genes (IFI202b and IFNar1 in combination) in CD8 þ T cells from tolerized mice did not affect the expression of the other selected genes. However, silencing of Foxp3 reduced expression of Foxp3, Ifi202b and PD1-all of which are involved in the suppressive capacity of CD8 þ Treg in this model.

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“…In contrast, antigenspecific Tregs are more efficient and able to prevent specific T-cellmediated inflammation without the global immune suppression induced by polyclonal Tregs. 14,15 Some dendritic cells (DCs), such as immature DCs (imDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs, exhibit regulatory but not stimulatory functions on CD4 1 T cells. [16][17][18][19] Therefore, these DCs, especially monocyte-derived imDCs, have been used to induce antigen-specific CD4 1 Tregs from naive precursors.…”

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confidence: 99%

CD40-activated B cells are more potent than immature dendritic cells to induce and expand CD4+ regulatory T cells

et al. 2010

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CD4 1 regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in maintaining immune tolerance by suppressing pathologic immune responses. The generation of large numbers of antigen-specific Tregs ex vivo is critical for the development of clinical immunotherapy based on the adoptive transfer of Tregs. Both CD40-activated B cells (CD40-B) and immature dendritic cells (imDCs) have been used as professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to generate antigen-specific Tregs. However, the efficiencies of CD40-B and imDCs to generate CD4 1 Tregs have not been compared directly and the mechanism driving the generation of these Tregs remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that CD40-B exhibited mature phenotypes and were more able to induce and expand CD4 high CD25 1 Tregs than imDCs. Moreover, Tregs induced by CD40-B had greater suppressive capacity than those induced by imDCs. The generation of CD4 high CD25 1 Tregs by CD40-B and imDCs is cell-cell contact dependent and partially relies on the expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR and CD80/86. Differences in CD4 high CD25 1 Treg generation efficiency were largely explained by the production of endogenous IL-2 by CD40-B. Our results suggest that CD40-B is better able to generate large numbers of antigen-specific Tregs than imDCs. Additionally, using CD40-B to generate Tregs may accelerate the clinical use of Treg-based immunotherapy in the treatment of allograft rejection, graft versus host disease (GVHD) and autoimmune diseases.

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CD4+CD25+Regulatory T Cells in Transplantation: Progress, Challenges and Prospects

Cited by 173 publications

References 58 publications

Alloantigen‐specific de novo‐induced Foxp3⁺ Treg revert in vivo and do not protect from experimental GVHD

Alloantigen‐specific de novo‐induced Foxp3⁺ Treg revert in vivo and do not protect from experimental GVHD

Distinct gene signature revealed in white blood cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in (NZBx NZW) F1 lupus mice after tolerization with anti-DNA Ig peptide

CD40-activated B cells are more potent than immature dendritic cells to induce and expand CD4+ regulatory T cells

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CD4+CD25+Regulatory T Cells in Transplantation: Progress, Challenges and Prospects

Cited by 173 publications

References 58 publications

Alloantigen‐specific de novo‐induced Foxp3+ Treg revert in vivo and do not protect from experimental GVHD

Alloantigen‐specific de novo‐induced Foxp3+ Treg revert in vivo and do not protect from experimental GVHD

Distinct gene signature revealed in white blood cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in (NZBx NZW) F1 lupus mice after tolerization with anti-DNA Ig peptide

CD40-activated B cells are more potent than immature dendritic cells to induce and expand CD4+ regulatory T cells

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Alloantigen‐specific de novo‐induced Foxp3⁺ Treg revert in vivo and do not protect from experimental GVHD

Alloantigen‐specific de novo‐induced Foxp3⁺ Treg revert in vivo and do not protect from experimental GVHD