CD36 gene transfer confers capacity for phagocytosis of cells undergoing apoptosis.

Ren, Yi; Silverstein, Roy L.; Allen, Janet M.; Savill, John

doi:10.1084/jem.181.5.1857

Cited by 368 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…This scavenger receptor also recognizes anionic phospholipids [8], apoptotic cells [9], thrombospondin [29] and P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes [10]. Thus, CD36 is a necessary signaling component of a pattern recognition receptor complex on monocytes/Mu that recognizes modified host proteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CD36 is known as a receptor for the uptake of oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) [7] and is also able to bind anionic phospholipid phosphatidylserine [8]. This scavenger receptor is implicated in the clearance of apoptotic cells [9]. Recently, McGilvray and colleagues [10] described a CD36-dependent nonopsonic phagocytosis of erythrocytes containing P. falciparum, by monocytes and culture-derived Mu, and a decrease in the parasiteinduced TNF secretion by monocytes/Mu.…”

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confidence: 99%

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IL‐13 induces expression of CD36 in human monocytes through PPARγ activation

et al. 2007

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The class B scavenger receptor CD36 is a component of the pattern recognition receptors on monocytes that recognizes a variety of molecules. CD36 expression in monocytes depends on exposure to soluble mediators. We demonstrate here that CD36 expression is induced in human monocytes following exposure to IL-13, a Th2 cytokine, via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)c pathway. Induction of CD36 protein was paralleled by an increase in CD36 mRNA. The PPARc pathway was demonstrated using transfection of a PPARc expression plasmid into the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7, expressing very low levels of PPARc, and in peritoneal macrophages from PPARc-conditional null mice. We also show that CD36 induction by IL-13 via PPARc is dependent on phospholipase A2 activation and that IL-13 induces the production of endogenous 15-deoxy-D 12,14 -prostaglandin J 2 , an endogenous PPARc ligand, and its nuclear localization in human monocytes. Finally, we demonstrate that CD36 and PPARc are involved in IL-13-mediated phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum-parasitized erythrocytes. These results reveal a novel role for PPARc in the alternative activation of monocytes by IL-13, suggesting that endogenous PPARc ligands, produced by phospholipase A2 activation, could contribute to the biochemical and cellular functions of CD36.Leukocyte signaling * These 2 authors contributed equally to this work. IntroductionThe innate immune system protects the host in the early phase of infection. Circulating monocytes and tissue macrophages (Mu) mediate much of this innate immune response [1]. The strategy of recognition in the innate response is mediated by the coordinated action of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and pattern recognition receptors. Scavenger receptors and mannose receptor are important pattern recognition receptors in monocytes/Mu [2,3]. The modulation of the expression of these receptors may be critical in the role of these cells in antigen processing, scavenging, and host defence against pathogens. Several members of the scavenger receptor family, including Mu class A scavenger receptors and CD36, have been identified as receptors for modified lipoproteins on Mu, and their relevance to lipid uptake has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo [4]. The scavenger receptor CD36, an 88-kDa integral membrane protein, is a class B scavenger receptor expressed on a wide variety of cells, in particular on monocytes and monocytederived Mu [5,6]. CD36 is known as a receptor for the uptake of oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) [7] and is also able to bind anionic phospholipid phosphatidylserine [8]. This scavenger receptor is implicated in the clearance of apoptotic cells [9]. Recently, McGilvray and colleagues [10] described a CD36-dependent nonopsonic phagocytosis of erythrocytes containing P. falciparum, by monocytes and culture-derived Mu, and a decrease in the parasiteinduced TNF secretion by monocytes/Mu. These processes were accentuated by CD36 up-regulation by peroxisome proliferator-acti...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

IL‐13 induces expression of CD36 in human monocytes through PPARγ activation

et al. 2007

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“…Depending on the ischemic milieu, mononuclear phagocytes polarize to the M1 or M2 subset. MHC = major histocompatibility complex; iNOS = inducible nitric oxide synthase; IL = interleukin; HO-1 = heme oxygenase-1; VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor; COX = cyclooxygenase; NRF = nuclear factor -erythroid 2-related factor receptors, are thought to be involved in eliciting inflammatory responses [121][122][123][124]. There are also nonsurface-bound secreted PRRs, including triggers of the complement system.…”

Section: Inflammation Versus Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microglia and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages in Stroke

2016

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Historically, the brain has been considered an immune-privileged organ separated from the peripheral immune system by the blood-brain barrier. However, immune responses do occur in the brain in neurological conditions in which the integrity of the blood-brain barrier is compromised, exposing the brain to peripheral antigens and endogenous danger signals. While most of the associated pathological processes occur in the central nervous system, it is now clear that peripheral immune cells, especially mononuclear phagocytes, that infiltrate into the injury site play a key role in modulating the progression of primary brain injury development. As inflammation is a necessary and critical component for the subsequent injury resolution process, understanding the contribution of mononuclear phagocytes on the regulation of inflammatory responses may provide novel approaches for potential therapies. Furthermore, predisposed comorbid conditions at the time of stroke cause the alteration of stroke-induced immune and inflammatory responses and subsequently influence stroke outcome. In this review, we summarize a role for microglia and monocytes/macrophages in acute ischemic stroke in the context of normal and metabolically compromised conditions.

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“…Many receptors, including C1q and lectin receptors (5), scavenger receptors such as CD68 (6) or CD36 associated with ␣ v ␤ 3 or ␣ v ␤ 5 vitronectin receptors (7,8), CD14 (9,10), and the recently cloned phosphatidylserine (PS) 4 receptor (11) have been reported to mediate the binding and uptake of apoptotic cells by macrophages. The most characteristic surface change on apoptotic cells is the loss of phospholipid bilayer asymmetry and the exposure of oxidized PS on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane (12)(13)(14)(15)(16), the latter change being absolutely required for recognition and engulfment to occur (2,16).…”

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confidence: 99%

Caspase-Independent Phosphatidylserine Exposure During Apoptosis of Primary T Lymphocytes

Ferraro‐Peyret

Quéméneur

Flacher

et al. 2002

The Journal of Immunology

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Exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane is a key feature of apoptosis. As the signals underlying these phenomena are unknown, it is generally assumed that PS exposure is a consequence of caspase activation, another hallmark of apoptosis. In this study we investigated the role of caspases in PS externalization during apoptosis of activated PBL triggered by drugs (etoposide, staurosporine), CD95 engagement, or IL-2 withdrawal. Anti-CD95 mAb induces a rapid activation of caspases, followed by PS exposure and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) disruption. In contrast, etoposide (ETO), staurosporine (STS), or IL-2 withdrawal triggers concomitant caspase activation, PS exposure, and ΔΨm disruption. Such kinetics suggest that PS exposure could be independent of caspase activation. As expected, in activated PBL treated by anti-CD95 mAb, the pan-caspase inhibitor Cbz-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone and the caspase-8 inhibitor Cbz-Leu-Glu-Thr-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone, but not the caspase-9 inhibitor Cbz-Leu-Glu-His-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone, inhibit PS externalization and ΔΨm disruption. Surprisingly, during apoptosis induced by ETO, STS, or IL-2 withdrawal, none of those caspase inhibitors prevents PS externalization or ΔΨm disruption, whereas they all inhibit DNA fragmentation as well as the morphological features of nuclear apoptosis. In Jurkat and H9 T cell lines, as opposed to activated PBL, PS exposure is inhibited by Cbz-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone during apoptosis induced by CD95 engagement, ETO, or STS. Thus, caspase-independent PS exposure occurs in primary T cells during apoptosis induced by stimuli that do not trigger death receptors.

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CD36 gene transfer confers capacity for phagocytosis of cells undergoing apoptosis.

Cited by 368 publications

References 33 publications

IL‐13 induces expression of CD36 in human monocytes through PPARγ activation

IL‐13 induces expression of CD36 in human monocytes through PPARγ activation

Microglia and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages in Stroke

Caspase-Independent Phosphatidylserine Exposure During Apoptosis of Primary T Lymphocytes

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