CD34 and BerEP4 Are Helpful to Distinguish Basaloid Tricholemmoma From Basal Cell Carcinoma

Turnbull, Nicholas; Ghumra, Waseem; Mudaliar, Vivek; Vella, Josefa; Sanders, D. S. A.; Taibjee, Saleem M.; Carr, Richard

doi:10.1097/dad.0000000000001117

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…TC loses CK15 and 16, contrary to tricholemmoma, which might correlate with malignant transformation of tricholemmoma to TC. Tricholemmomas show upregulation of CD34 expression without BerEP4 expression, which may be distinguishing between this tumor and basal cell carcinoma [ 57 , 58 ]. Lectin UEA-1 (Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1) is strongly positive in outer root sheath cells and TC but is not observed in SCC, BCC, actinic keratosis, or porocarcinoma.…”

Section: Tumors With Follicular Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trichilemmoma is a benign follicular tumor with differentiation toward the outer root sheath of the pilosebaceous follicular epithelium, developing slowly over months to years [ 57 , 75 ]. Nature and pathogenesis have been a matter of debate for a long time; however, activating HRAS mutations, not only the same which occur in naevus sebaceous’ genotype, are carried; thus, molecular evidence indicates that most trichilemmomas are authentic neoplasms [ 22 ].…”

Section: Tumors With Follicular Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Diagnosis and Treatment Options for Cutaneous Adnexal Neoplasms with Follicular Differentiation

Płachta

Kleibert

Czarnecka

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Neoplasms derived from follicular tissue are extremely rare. Clinically, they are reported as non-symptomatic, slow-growing nodules. These lesions are mainly benign, but the malignant type can occur. Mainly middle-aged people (50–60 years of age) are affected. These carcinomas are mainly localized on the head and neck or torso. They can be locally aggressive and infiltrate surrounding tissue and metastasize to regional lymph nodes. In the minority of cases, distant metastases are diagnosed. Quick and relevant diagnosis is the basis of a treatment for all types of tumors. The patient’s life expectancy depends on multiple prognostic factors, including the primary tumor size and its mitotic count. Patients should be referred to a specialized skin cancer center to receive optimal multidisciplinary treatment. This article tries to summarize all the information that is currently available about pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment methods of follicular tumors.

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Section: Tumors With Follicular Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tumors With Follicular Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Diagnosis and Treatment Options for Cutaneous Adnexal Neoplasms with Follicular Differentiation

Płachta

Kleibert

Czarnecka

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…[9][10][11][12] BerEp4 and CD34 immunostains have previously been reported to aid in the distinction between trichilemmoma and BCC with focal expression of BerEP4 rarely identified in trichilemmoma compared with .50% tumor cell staining in most BCC and with focal expression of CD34 in most trichilemmomas compared with negative staining in BCC. 13 However, the cohort in their study was restricted to nodular BCC and expression of CD34 has been demonstrated in BCC in other studies. 14 Kurokawa et al 15 examined the expression of various cytokeratins, including CK17, in 3 cases of trichilemmoma and demonstrated CK17 staining in suprabasal cells of tumor nests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Use of Cytokeratin 17 in the Differentiation Between Desmoplastic Trichilemmoma and Cutaneous Basal Cell Carcinoma

Chaudet

Stagner

Nazarian

2022

The American Journal of Dermatopathology

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:Desmoplastic trichilemmoma (DTL) is a variant of trichilemmoma characterized by a prominent desmoplastic stroma that may mimic invasive carcinoma. These lesions typically show features of a conventional trichilemmoma at the periphery, surrounding dense hyalinized stroma with entrapped cords of tumor cells. On a small or superficial biopsy, DTL may pose a diagnostic challenge in distinguishing this benign adnexal neoplasm from invasive carcinoma, particularly basal cell carcinoma (BCC). We aimed to investigate whether the immunohistochemical expression of cytokeratin 17 (CK17) would be useful in the differentiation between DTL and BCC. CK17 is expressed in normal adnexal structures and has been shown to demonstrate strong staining in BCCs. Expression of CK17 was examined in 23 cases of DTL and 23 BCCs. An immunoreactivity score was assigned using the percentage of tumor cells staining with scoring as follows: 0, complete negativity; 1, < 15% tumor cells staining; 2, 15%–84% tumor cells staining; and 3, >85% staining. All cases of BCC scored as 3, whereas 18% of DTL scored as 3. The mean percent staining for CK17 was significantly higher for BCCs (97% of tumor cells) than DTLs (57% of tumor cells); P < 0.001 in the unpaired t test. The pattern of CK17 staining may also help differentiate between cases scoring 3. All BCCs showed strong diffuse staining throughout, whereas for those cases of DTL with a score of 3, the peripheral basaloid rim in the tumor lobules did not stain. CK17 is a useful adjunct in distinguishing DTL from BCC in small or superficial biopsy specimens.

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“…27 In dermatopathology, CD34 has proven helpful in the distinction between trichilemmoma (positive) and BCC (negative). 28 Because different patterns of differentiation may reflect diverse pathogenetic mechanisms of genetic pathways and epigenetic changes, this study may contribute to better understand the pathogenesis of BCCs according to their underlying risk factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 In dermatopathology, CD34 has proven helpful in the distinction between trichilemmoma (positive) and BCC (negative). 28…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basal Cell Carcinomas After Radiotherapy Show More Frequent Follicular Differentiation Than Tumors From Sun-Exposed Areas: Immunohistochemical Study With a Special Focus on Infundibulocystic Basal Cell Carcinoma

Cardoso

Alves

Carreira

2022

The American Journal of Dermatopathology

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Patients submitted to radiotherapy for tinea capitis in childhood have an increased incidence of scalp basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) but also of other neoplasms, namely, follicular tumors. In a cohort of such patients, we also found a high incidence of infundibulocystic BCCs, an otherwise rare variant. We thus hypothesized that postradiotherapy BCCs could be more prone to display follicular differentiation. We compared the histological and immunohistochemical features of postradiotherapy BCCs [both conventional (16 cases) and infundibulocystic (16 cases)] with those of BCCs arising in sun-exposed areas (16 cases), using markers of follicular differentiation (PHLDA-1, CK15, CD34, b-catenin, and calretinin). Postradiotherapy BCCs showed slightly higher tendency for infundibular and/or trichilemmal differentiation than BCCs from sun-exposed areas (37.5% vs. 18.8%), but this difference was not statistically significant. Nevertheless, infundibulocystic BCCs showed more frequent expression of PHLDA-1 and stronger cytoplasmic expression of CK15 compared with the other lesions. In addition, CD34 highlighted a characteristic meshwork of stromal cells surrounding the epithelial component in all infundibulocystic BCCs, in contrast to the other postradiotherapy BCCs and UVrelated BCCs, in which 78.1% were negative or only focally positive. In conclusion, our study suggests a tendency for more frequent follicular differentiation in postradiotherapy BCCs compared with BCCs from sun-exposed areas. In addition, the immunohistochemical study confirms previous data from the literature regarding infundibulocystic BCCs (higher CK15 and PHLDA-1 expression) and shows a distinctive stromal positivity for CD34 that has not been previously acknowledged in these tumors.

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CD34 and BerEP4 Are Helpful to Distinguish Basaloid Tricholemmoma From Basal Cell Carcinoma

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

Current Diagnosis and Treatment Options for Cutaneous Adnexal Neoplasms with Follicular Differentiation

Current Diagnosis and Treatment Options for Cutaneous Adnexal Neoplasms with Follicular Differentiation

Use of Cytokeratin 17 in the Differentiation Between Desmoplastic Trichilemmoma and Cutaneous Basal Cell Carcinoma

Basal Cell Carcinomas After Radiotherapy Show More Frequent Follicular Differentiation Than Tumors From Sun-Exposed Areas: Immunohistochemical Study With a Special Focus on Infundibulocystic Basal Cell Carcinoma

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