CD31 and VEGF are prognostic biomarkers in early-stage, but not in late-stage, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract

BackgroundPatients suffering from squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx (LSCC) with lymphatic metastasis have a relatively poor prognosis and often require radical therapeutic management. The mechanisms which drive metastasis to the lymph nodes are largely unknown but may be promoted by a pro-angiogenic tumor microenvironment. In this study, we examined whether the number of microvessels and the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the primary tumor are correlated with the degree of lymph node metastasis (N-stage), tumor staging (T) and survival time in LSCC patients.MethodsTissue-Microarrays of 97 LSCC patients were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The expression of VEGF was scored as intensity of staining (low vs high) and the number of CD31-positive vessels (median </≥7 vessels per visual field) was counted manually. Scores were correlated with N-stage, T-stage and 5-year overall survival rate.ResultsA high expression of angiogenic biomarkers was not associated with poor overall survival in the overall cohort of patients. Instead high CD31 count was associated with early stage cancer (p = 0.004) and in this subgroup high VEGF expression correlated with poor survival (p = 0.032). Additionally, in early stage cancer a high vessel count was associated with an increased recurrence rate (p = 0.004).ConclusionOnly in the early stage subgroup a high expression of angiogenic biomarkers was associated with reduced survival and an increased rate of recurrence. Thus, biomarkers of angiogenesis may be useful to identify high risk patients specifically in early stage LSCC.

Cancer Uses the Common Morphogenesis Source of the Host

“…Their deficit reduced angiogenesis and suggested as a probable reason for tumorigenesis inhibition by age [5]. This suggestion is in concordance with higher survival patients with lower presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a growing tumor of early stages T1-2 [46]. The young lymphoid descendants may be committed (aimed) also toward injured tissues needed for reparation [47] [48].…”

Prognostic Significance of Oxidation Pathway Mutations in Recurrent Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…Recurrent LSCC in the setting of previous radiation or chemoradiation represents an aggressive disease with significant treatment related morbidity [8,[24][25][26][27]. While there has been significant focus on understanding the genomic landscape of primary laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma [28][29][30][31][32][33][34], few studies have explored molecular signatures of recurrent disease [13,[15][16][17]. Here we present results from a recurrent laryngeal carcinoma cohort with targeted sequencing and transcriptome data that identified multiple pathways predictive of survival independent of clinical variables.…”

Downregulation of long non-coding RNA B-Raf proto-oncogene-activated non-coding RNA reverses cisplatin resistance in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

“…Under this circumstance, some researchers have studied the biomarkers of LSCC. Weller et al reported that CD31 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are prognostic biomarkers [7]. Other studies indicated that miR-93-5p [8] and miR-196b [9] are potential markers in LSCC.…”