CD3+/CD56+ NKT-like Cells Show Imbalanced Control Immediately after Exercise in Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to carry out an immunophenotypical characterization with a special focus on natural killer cells of junior swimmers from the Hungarian National Swim Team before and after an intensive acute exercise. Nineteen swimmers, ten females and nine males, completed the exercise protocol. Sixteen swimmers experienced delayed-onset muscle soreness. Most of our findings substantiated earlier results, such as the increase in the percentage of the CD3−/CD56+ natural killer cells and the CD3−/CD56dim+ NK cells, and the decrease in the percentage of CD3+ T cells among lymphocytes after the exercise protocol. The drop of natural killer cell activity back to the pre-exercise level was in line with earlier findings. Interestingly, the percentage of CD3+/CD56+ NKT-like cells did not change significantly in those three swimmers who did not report delayed-onset muscle soreness. On the contrary, the percentage of CD3+/CD56+ NKT-like cells among lymphocytes increased in fourteen and decreased in two swimmers reporting delayed-onset muscle soreness. This study for the first time demonstrated a link between the delayed-onset muscle soreness and the imbalanced control of CD3+/CD56+ NKT-like cells among lymphocytes. However, validation of this association in a larger sample size study will be necessary.

Miswired Proprioception in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Relation to Pain Sensation (and in Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness)—Is Piezo2 Channelopathy a Principal Transcription Activator in Proprioceptive Terminals Besides Being the Potential Primary Damage?

“…In the acute type of the proposed Piezo2 channelopathy-derived neuroinflammation, as is suggested in DOMS [ 12 , 31 ], the critical role of Hsp70/TLR4/Interleukin-6, TLR4/Myd88, and TNF-α pathways are demonstrated [ 114 , 132 , 133 ]. Furthermore, the TLR4/Myd88 signaling pathway also activates the NF-κB pathway [ 114 , 132 ].…”

Psoriasis, Is It a Microdamage of Our “Sixth Sense”? A Neurocentric View

“…However, what could be even more relevant in reference to the proposed primary Piezo2 microinjury is the finding that CD 3+ /CD 56+ natural killer T (NKT) cells are significantly decreased in the peripheral blood of psoriatic patients [ 110 ], as in rheumatoid arthritis [ 111 ]. Notably, recently published observations have demonstrated elevated CD 3+ /CD 56+ NKT cells in DOMS [ 112 ]. Sonkodi et al attributed this effect to the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) activated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/IL-6 (IL-6)/tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) pathway, based on the work of Dos Santos et al [ 112 , 113 ].…”

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