“…Elevated expression levels of genes such as BTN2A2, BTNL9, TDO2, ADORA2A, BTN3A1, CD28, CD80, CD86, CTLA4, ICOS, ICOSLG, and CD160 have significant implications for understanding disease progression and treatment response. In particular, high expression levels of CD28 and CD86 have been identified as poor prognostic markers in myeloma patients, indicating their crucial role in disease survival and progression mechanisms [ 34 ]. Furthermore, ICOSL, another gene in this list, is an early differentiation marker in certain cell maturation pathways, suggesting its potential role in the development of MM [ 35 ].…”