“…[ 10 , 22 – 24 , 26 ] ( Fig 1B ), 3) ‘Thrombosis or intramural fibrin deposition’ was diagnosed as localized, protuberant mural lesions composed of proliferating fibroblasts intermixed with fibrin and erythrocytes in the walls of large placental vessels according to the description of Desa [ 10 , 11 , 22 – 24 , 27 ] ( Fig 1C ), 4) ‘Avascular villi’ was diagnosed as a total loss of villous capillaries and bland hyaline fibrosis in an older lesion. [ 22 , 24 , 28 ] ( Fig 1D ), 5) ‘Delayed villous maturation’ was diagnosed as a monotonous villous population with reduced numbers of vasculosyncytial membranes, increases in the size of distal villi, increased numbers of stromal cells, and interstitial fluid uniformly distributed throughout the villous stroma [ 10 , 11 , 22 – 24 , 29 ] ( Fig 1E ), 6) ‘Maternal inflammatory response’ was diagnosed by the infiltration of neutrophils into the connective tissues of the chorionic plate and/or amnion basement membrane in the fetal surface of the placenta [ 10 , 11 , 22 – 24 , 30 ] ( Fig 1F ), 7) ‘Fetal inflammatory response’ was diagnosed by the infiltration of neutrophils into umbilical vessels or chorionic plate vessels. [ 10 , 11 , 22 , 24 , 26 ] ( Fig 1G ), 8) ‘VUE’ was diagnosed by lymphohistiocytic inflammation predominantly localized to the villous stroma of terminal villi, despite no clinical symptoms of apparent infection in mothers or infants [ 10 , 11 , 22 – 24 , 31 ] ( Fig 1H ), and 9) ‘Deciduitis’ was enrolled as one of the f...…”