CD-induced EGFR trans-activation leads to STAT3 activation and MT-II expression by a mechanism involving PKC, Src and NADPH oxidase

Mounting evidence is revealing that heavy metals can incur disordered bone homeostasis, leading to the development of degenerative bone diseases, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, degenerative disk disease, and osteomalacia. Meanwhile, heavy metal-induced anemia has been found to be intertwined with degenerative bone diseases. However, the relationship and interplay among these adverse outcomes remain elusive. Thus, it is of importance to shed light on the modes of action (MOAs) and adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) responsible for degenerative bone diseases and anemia under exposure to heavy metals. In the current Review, the epidemiological and experimental findings are recapitulated to interrogate the contributions of heavy metals to degenerative bone disease development which may be attributable dependently and independently to anemia. A few likely mechanisms are postulated for anemia-independent degenerative bone diseases, including dysregulated osteogenesis and osteoblastogenesis, imbalanced bone formation and resorption, and disturbed homeostasis of essential trace elements. By contrast, remodeled bone microarchitecture, inhibited erythropoietin production, and disordered iron homeostasis are speculated to account for anemia-associated degenerative bone disorders upon heavy metal exposure. Together, this Review aims to elaborate available literature to fill in the knowledge gaps in understanding the detrimental effects of heavy metals on bone cells and bone homeostasis through different perspectives.

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“…[ 36 ] In deficiencies of some essential metals, including Fe, Cu, Zn, and Ca, uptake of Cd is favorable, leading to anemia. [ 37 ]…”

Section: Epidemiological Evidence Of the Occurrence Of Heavy Metal‐in...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Impact of Heavy Metals on Bone Cells and Bone Metabolism Dependently and Independently through Anemia

Zhang

Sun²,

Zhang

et al. 2020

Advanced Science

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CD-induced EGFR trans-activation leads to STAT3 activation and MT-II expression by a mechanism involving PKC, Src and NADPH oxidase

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Adverse Impact of Heavy Metals on Bone Cells and Bone Metabolism Dependently and Independently through Anemia

Adverse Impact of Heavy Metals on Bone Cells and Bone Metabolism Dependently and Independently through Anemia

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