“…Using a reported method (Jiao et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2019a), the fluorescence quenching efficiencies of three typical NACs (PA, DNP, and NP) for SPBI-c were studied (Figure 6 and S43). With 160 mM PA, a maximum quenching efficiency of 96.8% was obtained, whereas higher concentrations of DNP and NP were required to achieve similar quenching efficiencies, demonstrating the high sensitivity of SPBI-c to PA. Further-more, using a reported approach (Gao et al, 2019;Nandi et al, 2020), the LODs of SPBI-c for PA, DNP, and NP were calculated to be 1.81 3 10 À7 , 2.29 3 10 À7 and 2.62 3 10 À7 M, respectively, which are equivalent to the LODs of some reported NAC sensors (Gao et al, 2019;Nandi et al, 2020;Ghorai et al, 2019;Dutta et al, 2020).…”