CCXXXIX.—Preparation and reactions of stannous oxide and stannous hydroxides

Abstract

BURY AND PARTINQTON : PREPARATION AND CCXXXIX.-Preparation and Reactions of Stannous Oxide and Stannous Hydroxides." By FRANK WARD BURY and JAMES RIDDICK PARTINGTON. DITTE (Ann. Chirn. Phy$., 1882, [v], 27, 145) prepared stannous hydroxide by adding sodium or potassium hydroxide to a solution of stannous chloride, the precipitate being washed by decantation and dried in a vacuum at 14". He obtained a brownish-yellow, amorphous powder to which he assigned the formula Sn0,2H20. On heating this powder at 110", Ditte obtained small, brown scales which could be readily powdered. To this substance he assigned the formula 3Sn0,ZqO. Ditte does not mention the methods used in analysing the substances. Schaffner (Anmlen, 1844, 51, 168) prepared a specimen of stannous hydroxide by the addition of potassium carbonate to stannous chloride solution. He dried the precipitate below 80". The amount of water in the compound was estimated by heating it to dull redness in a bulb tube in a stream of carbon dioxide, and assuming the loss in weight to be water and the residue stannous oxide. No estimation of the percentage of tin present in the compound was made. Schaffner assigned to this compound the formula BSnO,H,O. He described the precipitate produoed by * " Stannous hydroxide " throughout this paper means a hydrated form of stasnous oxide obtained by any method described, and not neceeearily the definite compound Sn(OH),; perhaps a more suitable name would be " hydrated stannous oxide " or " st(LMous oxide hydrate."

The beryllides of Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf and Ta

“…Hydrous tin (II) oxide (tin (II) hydroxide) is normally prepared by the addition of a solution of an alkali or alkali carbonate to the solution of a tin (II) salt under a non-oxidising atmosphere (Ditte, 1882;Bury & Partington, 1922;Britton, 1925;Weiser & Milligan, 1932). The product is a powder with crystallites, which are not large enough to be seen under a microscope.…”

“…Chemical analyses of hydrous tin (II) oxide have given three formulae; 3 SnO. 2 H20 (Bury & Partington, 1922), 4 SnO. 2 H20 (Weiser & Milligan, 1932 and more recently 5 SnO.…”

Insitu Raman spectroscopic observation of sequential hydrolysis of stannous chloride to abhurite, hydroromarchite, and romarchite

“…The hydrolysis of tin ions has been well‐studied due to the relative importance of this metal to pre‐industrial and industrial societies . The work of Ditte provided the fundamental understanding of tin hydrolysis behavior, yet discrepancies found when reproducing this work and interpreting the resulting data, as explained by Bury and Partington, highlight the difficulty in handling tin oxides and hydroxychlorides. In part, this difficulty can be attributed to the general phenomenon where multivalent metals tend to form polynuclear complexes within aqueous solutions .…”

On red tin (II) oxide: temperature‐dependent structural, spectroscopic, and thermogravimetric properties

“…The metric parameters of RSO together with the DEA model lines are given in Figure 6, and the fit parameters are given in Table 4. Of interests, the b-lattice parameter only slightly decreases from 576.39(51) pm to 575.80(65) pm for a temperature range between 10 K and 550 K. In the same temperature range the alattice parameter increases from 498.17 (25) pm to 500.50(51) pm and the c-lattice parameter from 1099.17(54) pm to 1106.60(66) pm. The temperature change of 540 K corresponds to a change of 0.47(1) %, À 0.10(1) % and 0.68(1) % for the a-, b-and c-lattice parameters, respectively.…”

“…Since SnO is susceptible to oxidation into SnO 2 , synthesis of pure RSO still remains a challenge using solid state synthesis method. Notably, hydrothermal synthesis using SnCl 2 releases hydrochloric acid that suppresses oxidation into SnO 2 [7,24,25] at inert atmospheric conditions. Due to thermal stability, the crystal‐physico‐chemical properties of SnO 2 are experimentally well established while for SnO, the associated properties are mostly known from ab‐initio calculations [26] .…”