CCXCVIII.—The increased solubility of phenolic substances in water on addition of a third substance

Bailey, Charles Reynolds

doi:10.1039/ct9232302579

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…For these three former molecules, their hydroxyl groups are less available to interact with water. Generally, measurements are in good agreement with those found in literature [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Solubility Of the Phenolic Compounds In Watersupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Although the distillation of ethanol and the liquidliquid extraction of phenolic compounds with water are regularly used in the extraction process, only few data are available in the literature. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] The method and the range of temperature of the {phenolic compounds-water} systems found in the literature are presented in Table 1. No data has been found for the syringol-water system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phase equilibria of phenolic compounds in water or ethanol

Laetitia

Namysl

Canabady-Rochelle

et al. 2017

Fluid Phase Equilibria

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Section: Solubility Of the Phenolic Compounds In Watersupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase equilibria of phenolic compounds in water or ethanol

Laetitia

Namysl

Canabady-Rochelle

et al. 2017

Fluid Phase Equilibria

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“…Thus, the spectrum of 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene is observed to change when n-heptane is replaced by benzene or by 1 -methylnaphthalene as a solvent (120). Blending (182,184) is a broad term which has been distinguished from solubilization by recourse to phase diagrams (8,184,248). This process involves the blending or mutual solubility of two normally immiscible solvents by the addition of a colloidal electrolyte.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solubilization.

Klevens¹

1950

Chem. Rev.

198

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“…The rheological properties of the casting slip are closely controlled. The deflocculant addition is carefully adjusted to be less than the amount required for optimum deflocculation (Bailey 1976). Recent technical developments have included battery casting (Gemmell 1981) and pressure casting (Ahlgren 1976), which have been successful in reducing production costs.…”

Section: (B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Kaolins: their properties and uses

Jepson¹

1984

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A

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The main commercially important kaolin resources are the primary deposits in Cornwall and the sedimentary deposits in South Carolina and Georgia in the U.S.A. Annual world production is about 18 Mt (1 t = 10 3 kg). In 1981 the U.K. production was 2.6 x 10 6 t of which about 77 % represented paper filler and paper coating grades. About 15% of the U.K. production is used in ceramics. The kaolin extracted from the commercial deposits contains kaolinite as the major component together with ancilliary minerals. The kaolinite particles take the form of pseudo-hexagonal platelets with widths that vary from 10 to 0.1 pm and less. Surface chemical properties have been widely researched. There is no uniformity of view on the origin of the cation exchange capacity. Aqueous suspensions of kaolin are flocculated at low pH. This can be understood in terms of the positively charged edges and the negatively charged faces of the platelets. The deflocculation of kaolin under alkaline conditions is important, and is assisted by adding a polyanion. The Kubelka-Munk equations have provided a useful basis for interpreting the optical properties of kaolins in terms of an absorption coefficient ( k ) and a scattering coefficient ( s ). The parameter k ; is a bulk property and is interpreted in terms of light absorption by ancilliary minerals, by coatings of hydrated iron oxides on the kaolinite particles and by transition metals in the kaolinite structure. The parameter s depends on the size distribution of the platelets and the manner in which they are packed together. The rheological properties of deflocculated suspensions of kaolin in water are important in modern paper coating applications. The relation between the bulk physical properties of kaolin and rheology is complex. Viscosity at low rates of shear increases with increasing specific surface area of the kaolin. Viscosity at high rates of shear depends on the shapes of the particles and their packing. The extraction and production of kaolins are described for both primary and sedimentary deposits. The main use of kaolin is as a paper filler and a paper coating pigment. The various filler and coating grades are indicated, and effect of kaolin properties on coated sheet properties is discussed. Kaolin is a major component in most ceramic bodies. Examples of formulations are given. The manufacture of sanitaryware and tableware is discussed in terms of kaolin properties. Kaolin is used as an extender in aqueous based paints and as a filler in rubber and synthetic polymers.

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CCXCVIII.—The increased solubility of phenolic substances in water on addition of a third substance

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Phase equilibria of phenolic compounds in water or ethanol

Phase equilibria of phenolic compounds in water or ethanol

Solubilization.

Kaolins: their properties and uses

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