CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, and CXCR3 expression in peripheral blood CD4+ lymphocytes in gastric cancer patients

Abstract

Background:CD4+(TH1, and TH2) cell groups in the point of view of chemokine receptor expression were considered in blood of stomach cancer patients.Materials and Methods:The percentage of blood CD4+ T cells expressing chemokine receptors (before and after gastrectomy) was determined by flow cytometry (Becton Dickinson, USA) using the following chemokine receptor antibodies: anti-CCR5, anti-CXCR3, anti-CCR3 and anti-CCR4.Results:The means of CD4+ CCR5+ expressing cells was 1.23% ± 0.90, 0.83% ± 0.34 and 1.34% ± 0.74 in control, pre- and post-operation groups, respectively. CD4+ CXCR3+ expressing cells were 19.09% ± 8.4, 16.95% ± 5.71 and 25.08% ± 9.31, respectively. Similar pattern was seen for CD4+ CCR3+ and CD4+ CCR4+ expressing cells. Pearson correlation analysis shows no relationship between CCR3 and CCR4 expressions on TCD4 cells (r = 0.211, P = 0.126). The complex expression TH1 (CD4+ CXCR3+ CCR5+) receptors determined 1.14% ± 0.54 for control group, 0.86% ± 0.49 for pre-T and 1.57% ± 0.67 for post-T group. Moreover, the TH2 (CD4+ CCR3+ CCR4+) expression was 1.60% ± 1.05 for control group, 1.57% ± 0.83 for pre-T and 1.27% ± 0.66 for post-treatment group. Pearson correlation analysis shows that only the CCR3 and CCR5 expression was statistically correlated (r = 0.321, P = 0.018).Conclusion:Due to low expression of CCR5 in TH1 and CCR3 in TH2 cells, it seems that utility of these is extremely limited for clinical evaluation, but not scientific purpose. Moreover, considering the CXCR3 for TH1 cells and CCR4 expression for TH2 cells, due to considerable expression, may be practical.

Dimethyl Fumarate Selectively Reduces Memory T Cells and Shifts the Balance between Th1/Th17 and Th2 in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

“…Peripheral T helper subsets from patients before and after treatment with DMF were analyzed using antibodies against CXCR3, CCR6, CCR3, CD161, CD25 and FoxP3 that mark specific Th cell functional subsets (Table II). CCR3, CCR4 and CRTh2 have all been used as surface markers of Th2 cells, and we found in preliminary studies that the majority of IL-4 + Th cells ex vivo were enriched in the CCR3+ fraction (data not shown) (24-26). Compared to the untreated group, there was a significant reduction of the proportion of CXCR3 + CD4 + (Th1), CCR6 + CD4 + (Th17); while the CCR3 + CD4 + (Th2) frequency was significantly higher in the long-term treatment group but not in the 4-6 month group (Fig.4A and 4B).…”

Chemokines and their Receptors: Multifaceted Roles in Cancer Progression and Potential Value as Cancer Prognostic Markers

“…T h 1 cells also have potent antitumor effects in the TME. Chemokines such as CXCL9 and CXCL10 can orchestrate the migration of effector CXCR3 + immune cells such as T h 1 cells into the tumor sites, subsequently shaping both the tumor immunity and therapeutic responses [23][24][25][26]. Importantly, interferon gamma (IFN-γ) produced by T h 1 cells not only has direct effects on arresting cellular proliferation, promoting apoptosis, and reducing angiogenesis but also on improving CTL responses to robust antitumor immunity [17].…”

CCR5-Dependent Homing of T Regulatory Cells to the Tumor Microenvironment Contributes to Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma Development

“…TGFb not only contributes to the growth of tumor heterogeneity at early stages of tumorigenesis, inducing the generation of a TGFb-responding progeny that shows aberrant differentiation, increased invasiveness, and drug resistance but also induces malignant conversion of papillomas to SCCs and metastasis at latter stages (36). In addition, some studies have shown that TGFb and IL10 create a favorable environment for the conversion of conventional Foxp3 À T cells in Foxp3 þ Tregs capable of suppressing antitumor immune response (34,(37)(38)(39)(40)(41). These findings suggest that in SCC tumor microenvironment the conversion of conventional CD4 þ T cells in induced Tregs (iTreg) might contribute to tumor progression.…”

“…In contrast, Th1 cells have been explored as most efficient effector T cells subset in antitumor immunity. Previous study shows that Th1 lymphocytes express CXCR3, CCR1, and CCR5, whereas Th2 lymphocytes express CCR8, CXCR4, CCR3, and CCR4 (41). To obtain additional insights into SCC development in CCR5-deficient mice, we also transfer conventional CD4 þ T to CCR5KO mice.…”