“…Among the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) family members, CCL2 is a potent chemoattractant primarily for monocytes, NK cells, and memory T cells ( 86 ). Monocytes, astrocytic cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, mesangial cells, smooth muscle cells, microglia, and neurons can release CCL2 ( 87 , 88 ). Following the ligation of CCL2 to CCR2, immune cells infiltrate inflammation sites due to these molecules’ ability to recruit and migrate monocytes, T lymphocytes, and DCs ( 89 ).…”