CCL28 chemokine: An anchoring point bridging innate and adaptive immunity

Abstract

Chemokines are an extensive family of small proteins which, in conjunction with their receptors, guide the chemotactic activity of various immune cells throughout the body. CCL28, β- or CC chemokine, is involved in the host immunity at various epithelial and mucosal linings. The unique roles of CCL28 in several facets of immune responses have attracted considerable attention and may represent a promising approach to combat various infections. CCL28 displays a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, as well as fungi. Here, we will summarize various research findings regarding the antimicrobial activity of CCL28 and the relevant mechanisms behind it. We will explore how the structure of CCL28 is involved with this activity and how this function may have evolved. CCL28 displays strong homing capabilities for B and T cells at several mucosal and epithelial sites, and orchestrates the trafficking and functioning of lymphocytes. The chemotactic and immunomodulatory features of CCL28 through the interactions with its chemokine receptors, CCR10 and CCR3, will also be discussed in detail. Thus, in this review, we emphasize the dual properties of CCL28 and suggest its role as an anchoring point bridging the innate and adaptive immunity.

Parenterally Administered Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus-Like Particle-Based Vaccine Formulated with CCL25/28 Chemokines Induces Systemic and Mucosal Immune Protectivity in Pigs

“…Such a contradiction in the results could have arisen depending on whether the effects of BW are taken into consideration or not. The observation of enhanced IgG, IgA, and neutralizing titers in the presence of CCL25 and CCL28 is comparable to many related published reports [ 42 , 44 , 45 , 72 , 73 ] and serves as evidence that CCL25 and CCL28 are involved in chemotaxis and immunostimulation [ 74 , 75 ]. In addition, a milder clinical sign was also observed in pigs of the VLP+CCL group as compared to the VLP group.…”

CC Chemokines in a Tumor: A Review of Pro-Cancer and Anti-Cancer Properties of Receptors CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, and CCR10 Ligands

“…CCL27 causes CD3 + and CD4 + lymphocyte migration [ 306 ]. CCL28 and CCL27 cause B cell and T cell migration via CCR10, especially IgA plasma blasts [ 300 , 301 , 307 ]. CCL27 is produced by keratinocytes and therefore acts mainly in the skin [ 301 ], whereas CCL28 is produced in mucosal tissues [ 301 ].…”

Inflammation biomarker discovery in Parkinson’s disease and atypical parkinsonisms

“…CCL28 bridges the innate and adaptative immune response; the C-terminus has antimicrobial activity and the N-terminus mediates lymphocyte migration. Signaling of CCL28 via CCR10 drives the homing of T and B lymphocytes, and via CCR3 the migration of eosinophils [27]. CCL28 was the only biomarker that was upregulated in PD patients compared to controls.…”