CCL2 and Interleukin-6 Promote Survival of Human CD11b+ Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Induce M2-type Macrophage Polarization

Roca, Hernán; Varsos, Zachary S.; Sud, Sudha; Craig, Matthew; Cheng, Ying; Pienta, Kenneth J.

doi:10.1074/jbc.m109.042671

Cited by 499 publications

(420 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…5B). All four chemokines promote M2 protumor polarization of macrophages (23)(24)(25)(26). Thus, our gene-expression analysis suggests that loss of Ptprd in the tumor cells might lead to the activation of genetic programs that affect the immune response, and in particular macrophages.…”

Section: Heterozygous Loss Of Ptprd Results In P-stat3 Accumulation Andmentioning

confidence: 78%

Loss of the tyrosine phosphatase PTPRD leads to aberrant STAT3 activation and promotes gliomagenesis

Ortiz

Fabius²,

Wu³

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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PTPRD, which encodes the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-δ, is one of the most frequently inactivated genes across human cancers, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). PTPRD undergoes both deletion and mutation in cancers, with copy number loss comprising the primary mode of inactivation in GBM. However, it is unknown whether loss of PTPRD promotes tumorigenesis in vivo, and the mechanistic basis of PTPRD function in tumors is unclear. Here, using genomic analysis and a glioma mouse model, we demonstrate that loss of Ptprd accelerates tumor formation and define the oncogenic context in which Ptprd loss acts. Specifically, we show that in human GBMs, heterozygous loss of PTPRD is the predominant type of lesion and that loss of PTPRD and the CDKN2A/p16 INK4A tumor suppressor frequently co-occur. Accordingly, heterozygous loss of Ptprd cooperates with p16 deletion to drive gliomagenesis in mice. Moreover, loss of the Ptprd phosphatase resulted in phospho-Stat3 accumulation and constitutive activation of Stat3-driven genetic programs. Surprisingly, the consequences of Ptprd loss are maximal in the heterozygous state, demonstrating a tight dependence on gene dosage. Ptprd loss did not increase cell proliferation but rather altered pathways governing the macrophage response. In total, we reveal that PTPRD is a bona fide tumor suppressor, pinpoint PTPRD loss as a cause of aberrant STAT3 activation in gliomas, and establish PTPRD loss, in the setting of CDKN2A/p16 INK4A deletion, as a driver of glioma progression.G lioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a devastating disease. It is the most common and aggressive type of glioma and outcomes remain poor despite current treatments (1). To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of this malignancy, several mutational survey studies examining GBM have been completed and provide a detailed view of the molecular changes underlying this cancer (2-4). Because GBM is a highly heterogeneous tumor, a challenge remains to determine which molecular alterations drive tumorigenesis and to understand the underlying mechanisms of action. Recent work by our group and others have identified inactivation of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-δ (PTPRD) as a frequent alteration in GBM and other tumors, and showed that PTPRD copy number loss correlates with poor prognosis (5-10). Despite the high prevalence of PTPRD inactivation in human tumors, it is not known whether loss of PTPRD can promote tumorigenesis. Furthermore, the mechanisms of action and the oncogenic context in which PTPRD acts remain obscure.PTPRD belongs to a family of protein-tyrosine phosphatases that collectively have been implicated in functions, including the regulation of receptor tyrosine kinases, growth, cell migration, and angiogenesis (11). Previously, we demonstrated that phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) is a substrate of PTPRD and that cancer-specific mutations in PTPRD abrogate the ability of the phosphatase to dephosphorylate STAT3 (5). Interestingly, accumulation of phosphorylated STAT3 and STAT3 hyper...

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Section: Heterozygous Loss Of Ptprd Results In P-stat3 Accumulation Andmentioning

confidence: 78%

Loss of the tyrosine phosphatase PTPRD leads to aberrant STAT3 activation and promotes gliomagenesis

Ortiz

Fabius²,

Wu³

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The activation of MCP-1 is driven by hyperglycaemia and glomerular hemodynamic perturbations in diabetes mellitus, and is an important target in the progression of diabetic nephropathy 167 . Some investigations have suggested that MCP-1 favors a shift from M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages in human macrophages 168,169 , and macrophage polarization has been shown to shift from an M1 phenotype in the early phase of diabetes mellitus to an M2 phenotype in the later phases of the disease in an experimental animal model 170 . Thus, the inhibition of MCP-1 signaling seems to be beneficial in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy 170 .…”

Section: [H2] Influence Of Chemokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate immunity in diabetes and diabetic nephropathy

2015

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Abstract:The innate immune system consists of several classes of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including membrane-bound Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs).These receptors detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in the extracellular and intracellular space. Intracellular NLRs constitute inflammasomes, which activate and release caspase-1, IL1β, and IL18 and thus initiate an inflammatory response. Systemic and local low-grade inflammation and release of proinflammatory cytokines are implicated in the development and progression of diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy. TLR2, TLR4, and the NLRP3 inflammasome are critically involved in the inflammatory responses in pancreatic islets, adipose, liver and kidney tissues. This Review discusses how innate immune system-driven inflammatory processes can lead to apoptosis, tissue fibrosis, and organ dysfunction to cause insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and renal failure. We propose that careful targeting of TLR2, TLR4, and NLRP3 signalling pathways may be beneficial for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy. 2 Key points The innate immune system consists of several classes of pattern recognition receptors, including TLRs and NLRs, which detect pathogen-associated and danger-associated molecular patterns and initiate an inflammatory response  TLR2 and TLR4 are the predominant toll-like receptors expressed on pancreatic β cells that trigger an inflammatory response in insulitis during type 1 diabetes mellitus  TLR2 and TLR4 signaling, and activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes results in production of various proinflammatory cytokines that can induce insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity  Innate immune responses in T2DM and obesity are modulated by the status of the gut microbiota, autophagy, and adipokines  TLR2, TLR4, NOD2, and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation are involved in the perpetuation of inflammation in diabetic nephropathy  The activation of TLRs and NLRs stimulates the expression of MCP-1, which is associated with the progression of diabetic nephropathy [H1] IntroductionThe prevalence of diabetes mellitus is estimated to be 8.3%, affecting ~387 million people as of 2014. The number of patients living with diabetes mellitus is expected to increase to ~592 million by 2035, as reported by the International Diabetes Federation 1 . The incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is also rapidly increasing worldwide but varies up to 15-fold by country. In 2012, the number of new diagnoses of ESRD worldwide ranged from 25 to 467 patients per million. The proportion of new cases of ESRD with diabetes mellitus as the primary cause also differs by country, with 66% cases reported in Singapore and 12-16% cases reported in Ukraine, Romania, and the Netherlands 2 . Although intensified multifactorial intervention in patients with type 2 diabete...

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“…210 IL6, among other pro-inflammatory cytokines, has also been implicated in the development of a cachectic conditions in skeletal muscles 211 and is also responsible for activation of autophagy in cell culture models. 212 We propose that recovery from and adaptation to exercise represents a single, unified physiological response resulting from cooperation between autophagy and the heat shock response, 2 protein management systems. In this model, the initial phase of exercise-induced damage activates protein turnover to recycle and reclaim amino acids and to remove damaged proteins.…”

Section: Exercise As a Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat shock response and autophagy—cooperation and control

2015

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Abbreviations: AKT, v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1; AMPK, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; ATG, autophagy-related; BECN1, Beclin 1, autophagy related; EIF4EBP1, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; FOXO, forkhead box O; HSF1, heat shock transcription factor 1; HSP, heat shock protein; HSPA8/ HSC70, heat shock 70kDa protein 8; IL, interleukin; LC3, MAP1LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MTMR14/ hJumpy, myotubularin related protein 14; MTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin; NR1D1/Rev-Erb-a, nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; PPARGC1A/PGC-1a, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 a; RHEB, Ras homolog enriched in brain; SOD, superoxide dismutase; SQSTM1/p62, sequestosome 1; TPR, translocated promoter region, nuclear basket protein; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex; ULK1, unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1.Protein quality control (proteostasis) depends on constant protein degradation and resynthesis, and is essential for proper homeostasis in systems from single cells to whole organisms. Cells possess several mechanisms and processes to maintain proteostasis. At one end of the spectrum, the heat shock proteins modulate protein folding and repair. At the other end, the proteasome and autophagy as well as other lysosome-dependent systems, function in the degradation of dysfunctional proteins. In this review, we examine how these systems interact to maintain proteostasis. Both the direct cellular data on heat shock control over autophagy and the time course of exercise-associated changes in humans support the model that heat shock response and autophagy are tightly linked. Studying the links between exercise stress and molecular control of proteostasis provides evidence that the heat shock response and autophagy coordinate and undergo sequential activation and downregulation, and that this is essential for proper proteostasis in eukaryotic systems.

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CCL2 and Interleukin-6 Promote Survival of Human CD11b+ Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Induce M2-type Macrophage Polarization

Abstract: CCL2 and interleukin (IL)-

Cited by 499 publications

References 50 publications

Loss of the tyrosine phosphatase PTPRD leads to aberrant STAT3 activation and promotes gliomagenesis

Loss of the tyrosine phosphatase PTPRD leads to aberrant STAT3 activation and promotes gliomagenesis

Innate immunity in diabetes and diabetic nephropathy

Heat shock response and autophagy—cooperation and control

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