CCD surface photometry of elliptical galaxies - I. Observations, reduction and results

Jędrzejewski, R.

doi:10.1093/mnras/226.4.747

Cited by 756 publications

(680 citation statements)

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“…We have chosen to use the inner deconvolved light profile from Lauer et al (2005) so that differences in the core parameters between our works are not attributed to the use of different treatments of the PSF, but rather the application of the Nuker versus the core-Sérsic model. The new outer profiles are extracted using the IRAF/ellipse task (Jedrzejewski 1987) and cover ∼ 100 ′′ in radius. Our data reduction steps, along with the surface brightness profile extraction procedures, are discussed in detail in Sections 2.3 and 2.4 of Dullo & Graham (2013).…”

Section: Surface Brightness Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depleted cores, multicomponent fits, and structural parameter relations for luminous early-type galaxies

Dullo¹,

Graham²

2014

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

147

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New surface brightness profiles from 26 early-type galaxies with suspected partially depleted cores have been extracted from the full radial extent of Hubble Space Telescope images. We have carefully quantified the radial stellar distributions of the elliptical galaxies using the core-Sérsic model whereas for the lenticular galaxies a core-Sérsic bulge plus an exponential disc model gives the best representation. We additionally caution about the use of excessive multiple Sérsic functions for decomposing galaxies and compare with past fits in the literature. The structural parameters obtained from our fitted models are in general, in good agreement with our initial study using radially limited (R < ∼ 10 ′′ ) profiles, and are used here to update several "central" as well as "global" galaxy scaling relations. We find near-linear relations between the break radius R b and the spheroid luminosity L such that R b ∝ L 1.13±0.13 , and with the supermassive black hole mass. This is internally consistent with the notion that major, dry mergers add the stellar and black hole mass in equal proportion, i.e., M BH ∝ L. In addition, we observe a linear relation R b ∝ R 0.98±0.15 e for the core-Sérsic elliptical galaxies-where R e is the galaxies' effective half light radii-which is collectively consistent with the approximately-linear, bright-end of the curved L − R e relation. Finally, we measure accurate stellar mass deficits M def that are in general 0.5−4 M BH , and we identify two galaxies (NGC 1399, NGC 5061) that, due to their high M def /M BH ratio, may have experienced oscillatory core-passage by a (gravitational radiation)-kicked black hole. The galaxy scaling relations and stellar mass deficits favor core-Sérsic galaxy formation through a few "dry" major merger events involving supermassive black holes such that M def ∝ M 3.70±0.76 BH , for M BH > ∼ 2 × 10 8 M ⊙ .

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Section: Surface Brightness Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depleted cores, multicomponent fits, and structural parameter relations for luminous early-type galaxies

Dullo¹,

Graham²

2014

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

147

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“…In addition, the third-and fourth-order deviations of the isophote from a pure ellipse are determined. These are described by the amplitudes (a n and with n \ 3, 4) of the sin and cos 3h and 4h terms of b n the following Fourier expansion (see Jedrzejewski 1987) :…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a reÑection of the problems with the isophotal analysis due to the discrete, pixelized nature of the data and the subpixel interpolation. As Jedrzejewski (1987) already pointed out, the subpixel interpolation scheme used can introduce spurious artifacts especially when the gradients in the luminosity proÐles are large (i.e., when they are steeply cusped).…”

Section: Model Galaxiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

WFPC2 Images of the Central Regions of Early-Type Galaxies. I. The Data

Rest

Bosch

Jaffe

et al. 2001

The Astronomical Journal

206

377

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We present high-resolution R-band images of the central regions of 67 early-type galaxies obtained with the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) aboard the Hubble Space T elescope (HST ). This homogeneously selected sample roughly doubles the number of early-type galaxies that have now been imaged at HST resolution and complements similar data on the central regions of radio galaxies and the bulges of spiral galaxies. Our sample strikingly conÐrms the complex morphologies of the central regions of early-type galaxies which have become apparent from previous studies with HST . In particular, we detect dust, either in the form of nuclear disks or with a Ðlamentary distribution, in 43% of all galaxies, in good agreement with previous estimates. In addition, we Ðnd evidence for embedded stellar disks in a remarkably large fraction of 51%. In 14 of those galaxies the disklike structures are misaligned with the main galaxy, suggesting that they correspond to stellar bars in S0 galaxies. We analyze the luminosity proÐles of the galaxies in our sample and classify galaxies according to their central cusp slope. To a large extent we conÐrm the results from previous HST surveys in that early-type galaxies reveal a clear dichotomy : the bright ellipticals are generally boxy and have luminosity proÐles that (M B [ [20.5) break from steep outer power laws to shallow inner cusps (referred to as "" core ÏÏ galaxies). The fainter ellipticals, on the other hand, typically have disky isophotes and luminosity proÐles that lack a clear break and have a steep central cusp (referred to as "" power-law ÏÏ galaxies). The advantages and shortcomings of classiÐcation schemes utilizing the extrapolated central cusp slope c are discussed, and it is shown that c might be an inadequate representation for galaxies whose luminosity proÐle slope changes smoothly with radius rather than resembling a broken power law. Thus, we introduce a new, alternative parameter and show how this a †ects the classiÐcation. In fact, we Ðnd evidence for an "" intermediate ÏÏ class of galaxies that cannot unambiguously be classiÐed as either core or power-law galaxies and that have central cusp slopes and absolute magnitudes intermediate between those of core and power-law galaxies. It is unclear at present, however, whether these galaxies make up a physically distinct class or whether distance and/or resolution e †ects cause them to lose their distinct core or power-law characteristics.

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“…For that purpose, background subtracted g−, r−, i−band images were aligned and stacked to increase the S/N ratio. Elliptical annuli for each galaxy were determined using the ellipse fitting procedure of IRAF ELLIPSE (Jedrzejewski 1987).…”

Section: Blue-cored Early-type Dwarf Galaxiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The properties of early-type galaxies in the Ursa Major cluster

Pak¹,

Rey²,

Lisker³

et al. 2014

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Using SDSS-DR7 and NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database spectroscopic data, we identify 166 galaxies as members of the Ursa Major cluster with M r < −13.5 mag. We morphological classify all galaxies by means of carefully inspecting g−, r−, i−band colour and monochromatic images. We show that the Ursa Major cluster is dominated by late-type galaxies, but also contains a significant number of earlytype galaxies, particularly in the dwarf regime. We present further evidence for the existence of several subgroups in the cluster, consistent with previous findings. The early-type fraction is found to correlate with the mass of the subgroup. We also investigate environmental effects by comparing the properties of the Ursa Major early-type dwarf galaxies to those of the Virgo cluster. In contrast to the Virgo, the red sequence of the Ursa Major cluster is only sparsely populated in the optical and ultraviolet colour-magnitude relations. It also shows a statistically significant gap between −18 < M r < −17 mag, i.e. the Ursa Major cluster lacks early-type dwarf galaxies at the bright end of their luminosity function. We discover that the majority of early-type dwarf galaxies in the Ursa Major cluster have blue cores with hints of recent or ongoing star formation. We suggest that gravitational tidal interactions can trigger central blue star forming regions in early-type dwarfs. After that, star formation would only fade completely when the galaxies experience ram pressure stripping or harassment, both of which are nearly absent in the Ursa Major cluster.

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CCD surface photometry of elliptical galaxies - I. Observations, reduction and results

Cited by 756 publications

References 0 publications

Depleted cores, multicomponent fits, and structural parameter relations for luminous early-type galaxies

Depleted cores, multicomponent fits, and structural parameter relations for luminous early-type galaxies

WFPC2 Images of the Central Regions of Early-Type Galaxies. I. The Data

The properties of early-type galaxies in the Ursa Major cluster

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