CBD oils on the Belgian market: A validated MRM GC-MS/MS method for routine quality control using QuEChERS sample clean up

Duchateau, Céline; Canfyn, Michaël; Desmedt, Bart; Kauffmann, Jean‐Michel; Stévigny, Caroline; Braekeleer, Kris De; Deconinck, Éric

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114344

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…CBD oil is divided according to 9-THC concentration [69]. Some claim that hemp oil should not contain cannabinoids because it is produced for mass consumption, yet testing for 9-THC is not routinely performed [30].…”

Section: Source Of Cannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One should appreciate a yin and yang approach to cannabinoids, considering the many different aspects of their narrative. Cannabinoids often exhibit opposite actions depending on the exact compound studied, their enantiomers, species used to study the compound, or overall health status [26][27][28][29][30]. Their social acceptance and legal approval vary greatly [25,31,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Considerations for Cannabinoids in Perioperative Care by Anesthesiologists

Laudański

Wain

2022

JCM

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Increased usage of recreational and medically indicated cannabinoid compounds has been an undeniable reality for anesthesiologists in recent years. These compounds’ complicated pharmacology, composition, and biological effects result in challenging issues for anesthesiologists during different phases of perioperative care. Here, we review the existing formulation of cannabinoids and their biological activity to put them into the context of the anesthesia plan execution. Perioperative considerations should include a way to gauge the patient’s intake of cannabinoids, the ability to gain consent properly, and vigilance to the increased risk of pulmonary and airway problems. Intraoperative management in individuals with cannabinoid use is complicated by the effects cannabinoids have on general anesthetics and depth of anesthesia monitoring while simultaneously increasing the potential occurrence of intraoperative hemodynamic instability. Postoperative planning should involve higher vigilance to the risk of postoperative strokes and acute coronary syndromes. However, most of the data are not up to date, rending definite conclusions on the importance of perioperative cannabinoid intake on anesthesia management difficult.

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Section: Source Of Cannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations for Cannabinoids in Perioperative Care by Anesthesiologists

Laudański

Wain

2022

JCM

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“…7,8,10,11,13,[15][16][17][18][19] Methods with QuEChERS clean-up are already established. 18,20 To clarify whether hemp products contain THC or other cannabinoids relevant for doping control, a GC-MS-based detection method for various cannabinoids in food and nutritional supplements was developed and validated. A total of 23 different commercially available hemp products (oils, teas, beer, sweets, spread, and seeds) were tested for the presence or absence of the selected cannabinoids or metabolites (Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since THC concentration in hemp products is the main criterion for marketability, the focus of most publications is THC and CBD concentration, 8,9,12,13,19 generally based on liquid chromatography analyses 7,8,10,11,13,15–19 . Methods with QuEChERS clean‐up are already established 18,20 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of unintentional antidoping rule violations by consumption of hemp products

Mareck

Fußhöller

Schertel

et al. 2022

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Consumption of hemp products is continuously growing, with an expanding scope of applications. Suppliers operate through different distribution channels, but the Internet is a major retail platform. Hemp products are prepared from cannabis plants and, therefore, might contain a variety of different natural cannabinoids. According to the regulations of the World Anti‐Doping Agency, all natural and synthetic cannabinoids are prohibited in‐competition, with the explicit exemption of cannabidiol. Therefore, an investigation of 23 hemp products for the presence of cannabinoids was performed to determine the likelihood of unintentional violations of anti‐doping regulations. An assay for the detection of 16 cannabinoids in nutritional supplements was developed and validated. The sample preparation consisted of QuEChERS extraction, trimethylsilylation, and analysis by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. All 23 commercially available hemp products were analyzed, and assay characteristics such as selectivity, limit of detection, limit of identification, limit of quantification, linearity, imprecision, recovery, and accuracy were determined. Twenty of 23 hemp products included a variety of cannabinoids at, occasionally, substantial concentrations, with four products covering the entire spectrum of tested cannabinoids. An ethics committee‐approved single‐dose administration study was conducted with the commercially available hemp products, investigating the presence of 16 cannabinoids in urine collected pre‐ and post‐consumption. Variable patterns of cannabinoids or their metabolites in urine were observed. In 30% of the urine samples collected 8 h after ingestion, the presence of a prohibited cannabinoid would have resulted in an unintentional violation of anti‐doping regulations.

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“…Additionally, linear quadrupoles were the first to be commercialized; they are relatively affordable compared to other instrumentation, easily connected with various ion sources, and offer high transmission in single ion monitoring (SIM) mode and scan speeds. For those reasons, triple quadrupole mass analyzers are the gold standards for routine MS analytical laboratories and monitoring specific analytes with defined m/z values and fragmentation patterns (179)(180)(181)(182)(183)(184).…”

Section: Low Resolution -Triple Quadrupole Mass Analyzermentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated biorecognition : mass spectrometry approaches

Geballa-Koukoula

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12 stakeholders to act on improving natural resources and ensure enduring socioeconomic growth and planet protection (9).Another trend that might shape the future structure of monitoring systems is citizen science, i.e., collaboration and participation of citizens in scientific practices and research, for instance with the development of consumer-operable testing devices (10). Decentralized consumer-based testing provides individuals with the possibility of personalized point-of-care (POC) testing and screening diagnostics in many fields (11), including, but not limited to, food safety (12) and clinical applications (13, 14). On top of that, use of a ubiquitous readout system, such as smartphones, potentially in combination with wearable sensors, induces semi-quantitative possibilities and increases confidence in interpreting the result (15). Apart from the described citizen science approach during product deployment, crowdsourcing in science during the research and development (R&D) stage can improve practices and results, influencing directly the targeted population ( 10).An additional challenge for the future monitoring systems is climate changeinduced changes. Results of climate change vary from extreme drought to rise of sea levels, which amend the quality of life of individuals worldwide (16). Especially in terms of monitoring systems, the food safety sector, involving farming, crop production, and the nutritional content of crops, has already been impacted by long-term variations in temperature, humidity, and the frequency of extreme weather phenomena (17). Climate change may alter crops' susceptibility to germs, toxin-producing bacteria and mycotoxin-producing fungi, risking consumers' health. Even marine species are in danger because of the proliferation of toxin-producing algae because of increased temperatures (18). The results of climate change on crop production are already evident in literature where a 25% of global agricultural crop contamination with mycotoxin is estimated to be above the legal limits (19), underlining the need for fast, unambiguous identification and quantification of food contaminants.It is safe to assume that current monitoring protocols will be insufficient in the future because of the increased demand for official control from monitoring laboratories that will be caused due to the aforementioned changes. Already, despite its elaborate monitoring procedures, the food-safety system has been stressed, with incidences of food safety-related scandals and contaminated commodities reaching the market (20, 21). Combining screening and confirmation methods, two seemingly incompatible orthogonal techniques, provides improved and accurate methods with high throughput, sensitivity, robustness, and ease of use, which are necessary for future monitoring systems. To offer an elaborate background and understanding, the following parts of the introduction describe the classic analytical chemistry techniques that are coupled in order to develop the novel approaches discussed in the research c...

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CBD oils on the Belgian market: A validated MRM GC-MS/MS method for routine quality control using QuEChERS sample clean up

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Considerations for Cannabinoids in Perioperative Care by Anesthesiologists

Considerations for Cannabinoids in Perioperative Care by Anesthesiologists

Risk of unintentional antidoping rule violations by consumption of hemp products

Integrated biorecognition : mass spectrometry approaches

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