CB1 cannabinoid receptor expression in brain regions associated with zebra finch song control

Soderstrom, Ken; Johnson, Frank

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)02393-8

Cited by 60 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Soderstrom and co-workers have found that cannabinoid exposure during sensorimotor stages of vocal development alters song patterns produced later during adulthood [104] with distinct sub-periods of sensitivity [105]. Consistent with these findings, the CB 1 receptor is expressed in brain regions involved in song learning [89] and song production [106], with cannabinoid exposure during sensorimotor stages of vocal development leading to alterations in CB 1 expression and 2-AG levels in the adult brain [107]. Further investigation of mechanisms of action have revealed that cannabinoid exposure during sensorimotor stages of vocal development leads to increased basal expression of the transcription factor FoxP2 in the striatum of adult birds, including the area X song region [108] and increased dendritic spine densities [109].…”

Section: Comparative Neurobiology Of Endocannabinoid Signallingmentioning

confidence: 71%

The evolution and comparative neurobiology of endocannabinoid signalling

Elphick

2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

148

137

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CB 1 -and CB 2 -type cannabinoid receptors mediate effects of the endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and anandamide in mammals. In canonical endocannabinoid-mediated synaptic plasticity, 2-AG is generated postsynaptically by diacylglycerol lipase alpha and acts via presynaptic CB 1 -type cannabinoid receptors to inhibit neurotransmitter release. Electrophysiological studies on lampreys indicate that this retrograde signalling mechanism occurs throughout the vertebrates, whereas system-level studies point to conserved roles for endocannabinoid signalling in neural mechanisms of learning and control of locomotor activity and feeding. CB 1 /CB 2 -type receptors originated in a common ancestor of extant chordates, and in the sea squirt Ciona intestinalis a CB 1 / CB 2 -type receptor is targeted to axons, indicative of an ancient role for cannabinoid receptors as axonal regulators of neuronal signalling. Although CB 1 /CB 2 -type receptors are unique to chordates, enzymes involved in biosynthesis/inactivation of endocannabinoids occur throughout the animal kingdom. Accordingly, non-CB 1 /CB 2 -mediated mechanisms of endocannabinoid signalling have been postulated. For example, there is evidence that 2-AG mediates retrograde signalling at synapses in the nervous system of the leech Hirudo medicinalis by activating presynaptic transient receptor potential vanilloid-type ion channels. Thus, postsynaptic synthesis of 2-AG or anandamide may be a phylogenetically widespread phenomenon, and a variety of proteins may have evolved as presynaptic (or postsynaptic) receptors for endocannabinoids.

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Section: Comparative Neurobiology Of Endocannabinoid Signallingmentioning

confidence: 71%

The evolution and comparative neurobiology of endocannabinoid signalling

Elphick

2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

148

137

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“…Subsequently, the full-length sequence of a cDNA encoding a 473 amino acid zebra ¢nch CB 1 receptor has been determined and submitted to GenBank (accession number AF255388). Soderstrom & Johnson (2000) investigated the expression of CB 1 in the zebra ¢nch brain and obtained evidence that it is highly expressed in regions of the brain involved in song learning, indicative of a possible role for the cannabinoid signalling system in vocal development.…”

Section: (B) Comparative Pharmacology Of Cannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neurobiology and evolution of cannabinoid signalling

Elphick

Egertová

2001

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

349

261

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The plant Cannabis sativa has been used by humans for thousands of years because of its psychoactivity. The major psychoactive ingredient of cannabis is δ 9 –tetrahydrocannabinol, which exerts effects in the brain by binding to a G–protein–coupled receptor known as the CB 1 cannabinoid receptor. The discovery of this receptor indicated that endogenous cannabinoids may occur in the brain, which act as physiological ligands for CB 1 . Two putative endocannabinoid ligands, arachidonylethanolamide (‘anandamide’) and 2–arachidonylglycerol, have been identified, giving rise to the concept of a cannabinoid signalling system. Little is known about how or where these compounds are synthesized in the brain and how this relates to CB 1 expression. However, detailed neuroanatomical and electrophysiological analysis of mammalian nervous systems has revealed that the CB 1 receptor is targeted to the presynaptic terminals of neurons where it acts to inhibit release of ‘classical’ neurotransmitters. Moreover, an enzyme that inactivates endocannabinoids, fatty acid amide hydrolase, appears to be preferentially targeted to the somatodendritic compartment of neurons that are postsynaptic to CB 1 –expressing axon terminals. Based on these findings, we present here a model of cannabinoid signalling in which anandamide is synthesized by postsynaptic cells and acts as a retrograde messenger molecule to modulate neurotransmitter release from presynaptic terminals. Using this model as a framework, we discuss the role of cannabinoid signalling in different regions of the nervous system in relation to the characteristic physiological actions of cannabinoids in mammals, which include effects on movement, memory, pain and smooth muscle contractility. The discovery of the cannabinoid signalling system in mammals has prompted investigation of the occurrence of this pathway in non–mammalian animals. Here we review the evidence for the existence of cannabinoid receptors in non–mammalian vertebrates and invertebrates and discuss the evolution of the cannabinoid signalling system. Genes encoding orthologues of the mammalian CB 1 receptor have been identified in a fish, an amphibian and a bird, indicating that CB 1 receptors may occur throughout the vertebrates. Pharmacological actions of cannabinoids and specific binding sites for cannabinoids have been reported in several invertebrate species, but the molecular basis for these effects is not known. Importantly, however, the genomes of the protostomian invertebrates Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans do not contain CB 1 orthologues, indicating that CB 1 –like cannabinoid receptors may have evolved after the divergence of deuterostomes (e.g. vertebrates and echinoderms) and protostomes. Phylogenetic analysis of the relationship of vertebrate CB 1 receptors with other G–protein–coupled receptors reveals that the paralogues that appear to share the most recent common evolutionary origin with CB 1 are lysophospholipid receptors, melanocortin receptors and adenosine receptors. Interestingly, as with CB 1 , each of these receptor types does not appear to have Drosophila orthologues , indicating that this group of receptors may not occur in protostomian invertebrates. We conclude that the cannabinoid signalling system may be quite restricted in its phylogenetic distribution, probably occurring only in the deuterostomian clade of the animal kingdom and possibly only in vertebrates.

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“…Neurogenesis, or the birth of new neurons, continues to occur beyond development and into adulthood, and several lines of evidence suggest that cannabinoid signaling may be involved in this process as well. First, CB1R are highly expressed in regions of the songbird brain-the higher vocal center and robust nucleus of the archistriatum-in which neurogenesis persists in adulthood in connection with song acquisition and production (Soderstrom and Johnson, 2000). Second, CB1R are also found in the subgranular zone of the mammalian hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), which constitutes one of two principal neuroproliferative zones of the adult mammalian brain (Morales and Backman, 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Defective Adult Neurogenesis in CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Knockout Mice

Jin¹,

Xie²,

Kim³

et al. 2004

Mol Pharmacol

249

199

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Pharmacological studies suggest a role for CB1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1R) in regulating neurogenesis in the adult brain. To investigate this possibility, we measured neurogenesis by intraperitoneal injection of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), which labels newborn neurons, in wild-type and CB1R-knockout (CB1R-KO) mice. CB1R-KO mice showed reductions in the number of BrdU-labeled cells to ϳ50% of wild-type (WT) levels in dentate gyrus and subventricular zone (SVZ), suggesting that CB1R activation promotes neurogenesis. To test this further, WT mice were given the CB1R antagonist N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximide hydrochloride (SR141716A) before measuring neurogenesis with BrdU.

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CB1 cannabinoid receptor expression in brain regions associated with zebra finch song control

Cited by 60 publications

References 28 publications

The evolution and comparative neurobiology of endocannabinoid signalling

The evolution and comparative neurobiology of endocannabinoid signalling

The neurobiology and evolution of cannabinoid signalling

Defective Adult Neurogenesis in CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Knockout Mice

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