Cavity Nesting and Male Nest Defense by the Ornate Minnow, Codoma ornata (Pisces: Cyprinidae)

Phylogenetic Relationships of Opsopoeodus emiliae, with Comments on the Taxonomic Implications of Discordance among Datasets

“…Species of Pimephales produce sounds during aggression, and Opsopoeodus does not (Johnston and Vives, 2003). The breeding behavior of Pimephales is more similar to that of Codoma than to the behavior of Opsopoeodus (McMillan and Smith, 1974;Minckley and Vives, 1990;Page and Johnston, 1990). Unfortunately, no information is available on the breeding behavior of Notropis maculatus, which appears to be closely related to Pimephales (Figs.…”

“…These genera and Codoma have a derived mode of reproductive behavior, termed egg-clustering, that includes localization of eggs in a single-layer cluster and male defense of the nest site (McMillan and Smith, 1974;Page and Ceas, 1989;Minckley and Vives, 1990). Cyprinella, found by Cavender and Coburn (1992) to be sister to Pimephales + Opsopoeodus, is a crevicespawner, which Johnston and Page (1992) hypothesized to be transitional between the broadcasting behavior that is characteristic of most North American minnows and the egg-clustering behavior of Pimephales, Codoma, and Opsopoeodus.…”