Cavity-Nester Habitat Development in Artificially Made Douglas-Fir Snags

Experimental studies of dead-wood biodiversity — A review identifying global gaps in knowledge

“…The effect of prescribed burning to create or alter dead wood was mostly studied in the boreal zone (Hyvärinen et al, 2006;Toivanen et al, 2014). Artificial methods to create dead wood, such as cutting, topping, girdling or using explosives (e.g., Brandeis et al, 2002) and comparison to natural drivers, such as bark beetles attracted by pheromones (Shea et al, 2002), were studied mostly in the boreal and temperate zones.…”

Rescue of the Seychelles warbler on Cousin Island, Seychelles: the role of habitat restoration

“…Most young failed to establish a territory due to habitat saturation and remained on their natal territories or died (Komdeur, 1992(Komdeur, , 2003. Habitat management through planting critical tree species has also been conducted for other endangered species, but in contrast to the warbler, this resulted in a population increase due to an increase in breeding territories and not to an increase in reproductive success (Solomon, 1998;Brandeis et al, 2002).…”

Avian foraging and nesting use of created snags in intensively-managed forests of western Oregon, USA

“…Numerous methods for creating snags or decay in live trees are available to land managers seeking to achieve management objectives for dead and dying trees (e.g., Bull and Partridge, 1986;Lewis, 1998;Filip et al, 2004). Topping live trees is a popular approach for creating snags and may be the most effective because this creates entry sites to the heartwood for decay fungi (Harris, 1983;Brandeis et al, 2002;Walter and Maguire, 2005).…”

“…Few studies have evaluated avian use of created snags and all have centered on inoculation of trees with decay fungi (e.g., Brandeis et al, 2002), girdling the trunk, usually near ground level (e.g., Hallett et al, 2001;Brandeis et al, 2002), or trees that were blasted or topped with a chainsaw at mid-crown or higher (e.g., Chambers et al, 1997;Hallett et al, 2001;Boleyn et al, 2002;Brandeis et al, 2002;Walter and Maguire, 2005). Mechanical timber harvesting equipment used for ground-based operations (e.g., feller-buncher-a motorized vehicle with a saw attachment that can rapidly cut and gather one or several trees) can be used to top live trees below the canopy height.…”