Cavity Decoupling of Small Explosions in Limestone

Stroujkova, Anastasia; Reinke, Robert E.; Duray, J.R.; Bonner, Jessie L.

doi:10.1785/0120130206

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…Spectral ratios between a pair of nearby events were used widely for investigations for seismic coupling (e.g., Springer & Denny, ; Stroujkova et al, , ), source characterization (e.g., Patton & Taylor, ; Stump et al, ), buried depth estimation for underground explosions (Murphy et al, , ), and seismic source scaling for both earthquakes and underground explosions (e.g.,Fisk & Phillips, ; Mayeda et al, ; Prieto et al, ; Xie, ), taking the advantage that complicated path effects can be cancelled out while information about the sources are retained. However, except for Murphy et al (, ), spectral‐ratio‐based studies on source characterizations of North Korean nuclear tests were rarely reported in open literatures, probably due to that, except for the first Korean nuclear test which was conducted in 2006 (NKT2006), the following four tests conducted in May 2009 (NKT2009), February 2013 (NKT2013), January 2016 (NKT2016J), and September 2016 (NKT2016S) have roughly the same level of yield sizes according to their magnitude, and differences in their burial depths are not very great.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Spectral Ratios Between North Korean Nuclear Tests: Implications for Their Seismic Sources

Jin

Zhu

et al. 2019

JGR Solid Earth

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Seismic spectral ratios between the ) are investigated. All the observed teleseismic P wave spectral ratios exhibit a unique notch at approximately 2.5 Hz, but it is not observed for spectral ratios of regional P and Lg waves. Meanwhile, for a given event pair, the network-averaged Lg wave spectral ratio is similar to that of regional P wave, but with the explosions' source corner frequencies significantly reduced, supporting the conjecture by Fisk (2006, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120060023). We demonstrated that the observed notch of teleseismic P wave spectral ratios may be well modeled with interference between pP and P waves with an apparent pP-P time delay Δt pP of about 0.4 s for NKT2017, while regional P wave spectral ratios may be well fitted with source spectral ratios predicted by classical explosion source models including Mueller and Murphy (1971, https://doi.org/10.2172/4107998) (MM71), Denny and Johnson (1991, https://doi.org/10.1029/gm065p0001) (DJ91), and their two hybrids. Via the above modeling, yield sizes of the explosions and the depth of burials of NKT2009-2016S are determined as functions of NKT2017's buried depth h 0 . Our result indicate that, for h 0 in the range of 600-1,100 m, the MM71-related models give yield estimations about 100-300 kt for NKT2017, 3-7 kt for NKT2009, 6-15 kt for NKT2013 and NKT2016J, and 10-25 kt for NKT2016S, while yield sizes obtained by model DJ91 are much smaller. Nevertheless, for all the above source models, the obtained depths of burial estimations of NKT2009-2016S are always significantly smaller than NKT2017's depth of burial h 0 .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Spectral Ratios Between North Korean Nuclear Tests: Implications for Their Seismic Sources

Jin

Zhu

et al. 2019

JGR Solid Earth

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Scaled experiments on cavity confined explosions in limestone and poly(methyl methacrylate)

Cranch

Grün

Zulick

et al. 2019

Journal of Applied Physics

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A scaled experiment comprising a laser-driven explosion in a cavity is used to characterize the coupling of mechanical energy into the surrounding solid material. Experiments are performed using poly(methyl methacrylate) and dry Salem limestone as the explosion containment blocks materials, in which are milled scaled spherical cavities of various dimensions. Measurements of the coupled shock, taken with fiber optic probes at the cavity wall, show the critical radius where wall deformation transitions from plastic to elastic deformation. These measurements also provide a diagnostic of the air blast, which is validated against GEODYN simulation code. The measurement of the coupled shock amplitude taken farther from the wall in the linear region indicates increased coupling efficiency in small cavities over the range of scaled cavity radii from 6 to 20 m/kt1/3, a phenomenon not previously observed in experiments. A comparison of results taken in this experiment with a parallel experiment using high explosive (HE) as the source shows that coupled shocks generated with HE are characteristically different with much larger amplitude than those produced by a high energy density laser-driven source with the same yield. This experimental technique potentially provides a rapid and cost-effective method to analyze the consequences of a full-scale, low yield, buried explosion.

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Seismic Models for Near‐Surface Explosion Yield Estimation in Alluvium and Sedimentary Rock

Templeton

Rodgers

Ford

et al. 2018

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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Seismic ground-motion data provide valuable constraints on explosion characteristics, such as yield and height-of-burst/depth-of-burial (HOB/DOB). This study investigated a range of seismic amplitude features and their efficacy in minimizing errors associated with yield estimation. Using a set of explosion recordings from experiments conducted in alluvium and sedimentary rock geologies, we investigated the effectiveness of three different seismic feature types over a range of different frequencies. Using both velocity and displacement data, we investigated the zero-to-peak (ZTP) amplitude of the first arriving P wave, the peak-to-peak (PTP) amplitude of the first arriving P wave, and the PrmsPrms amplitude over various time windows starting with the P wave. These three basic features were measured on both vertical component only data and the vertical-radial vector sum. In total, there were 56 different combinations investigated. Our seismic models combine the effects of scaled range and scaled HOB/DOB on the observed seismic features. The results show that the vertical-radial vector sum of the ZTP amplitudes measured on displacement seismograms most consistently produce models with the smallest difference between predicted amplitude values and observed amplitude values when accounting for both alluvium and sedimentary rock lithology. The improvement in fit to the data when incorporating the difference in source lithology is significant. If an alluvium lithology is assumed for a sedimentary rock lithology, the difference in yield could be up to ∼3.0∼3.0times the appropriate yield in the far field.

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Cavity Decoupling of Small Explosions in Limestone

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Seismic Spectral Ratios Between North Korean Nuclear Tests: Implications for Their Seismic Sources

Seismic Spectral Ratios Between North Korean Nuclear Tests: Implications for Their Seismic Sources

Scaled experiments on cavity confined explosions in limestone and poly(methyl methacrylate)

Seismic Models for Near‐Surface Explosion Yield Estimation in Alluvium and Sedimentary Rock

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