Cavitation processes in a space filled with loose mesenchymal tissues: a comparison between the retrosternal space and the middle ear tympanic cavity in human fetuses

Hayashi, Shogo; Kim, Ji Hyun; Jin, Zhe Wu; Murakami, Gen; Rodríguez‐Vázquez, José Francisco; Abe, Shinichi

doi:10.5603/fm.a2022.0026

Cited by 4 publications

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References 11 publications

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“…The length of the AP–goniale complex in near‐term fetuses, 2–3 mm (Figure 4b, 9a), appeared to be nearly the same as that in adults (3–5 mm according to Mansour et al., 2019). Therefore, the membranous bone appeared to remain wholly without degeneration despite the expanding cavitation of the middle ear at near term (Hayashi et al., 2022). The anterior ligament of the malleus in adults has been considered one of MC derivatives (Table 1); however, this classical concept pays no attention to the AC–goniale complex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sphenomandibular ligament and degenerating Meckel's cartilage revisited: Sequential variations with temporal bone deformity for ligament attachment in near‐term human fetuses

Jin,

Honkura,

Yamamoto

et al. 2023

Journal of Anatomy

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BackgroundThe sphenomandibular ligament (SML) is considered to originate from Meckel's cartilage (MC). However, no study has examined how the os goniale contributes to SML development.MethodsSemiserial histological sections of heads from 18 near‐term fetuses at 27–40 weeks of gestation were examined.ObservationsThe os goniale and the anterior process of the malleus (AP) provided a long, bar‐like membranous bone complex that passed through the petrotympanic and tympanosquamosal fissures. Notably, the AP–goniale complex is sometimes elongated inferiorly to join the SML (n = 4 specimens). Along the complex in the bone fissures, a degenerating MC was often present (n = 12). With (n = 6) or without (n = 3) the MC remnant, the tympanic bone (TYB) protruded inferomedially near the tympanosquamosal fissure, and it sometimes continued to a cartilaginous SML (n = 3). The temporal bone squamosa or petrosa provided a similar bony process approaching the SML. The middle meningeal artery often ran between the sphenoid and petrosa.ConclusionsMost of the specimens (n = 15) exhibited a sequential change from a cartilaginous SML as a continuation of the MC remnant to the ligament after the disappearance of the cartilage. The degenerating MC appeared to cause transformation from the AP–goniale complex and/or TYB to “another ligament” that replaced the usual SML at the upper part. Near the MC remnant, a similar transformation was also suggested on the squamosa or petrosa. The sphenoid spine appeared to originate often from the sphenoid ala major but sometimes from the TYB.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%