Cavitation in thermoplastic-reinforced rubber composites upon cyclic testing: Multiscale characterization and modelling

Federico, Carlos Eloy; Rauchs, G.; Kotecký, Ondřej; Westermann, Stephan; Addiego, Frédéric

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123084

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…It implies that cavities originate from both the separation of the polymer–filler interface and the breakdown of agglomerates, which has been discussed by Shinomura and Takahashi. [ 23,24 ] The images for N330‐filled compound is similar to that of N234. Some fibrous structures can even be seen in the cavities (Figure 7, N330‐b, red box).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Theoretical calculations using specific models to estimate volume changes have also drawn some researchers' interest. [12,[15][16][17][18][19][20] In recent years, there have been some new methods of measuring volume change, for example by video camera [21,22] or digital image correlation, [23] also microcomputed X-ray tomography, [24,25] which can obtain experimental data conveniently. Through a long period of exploration, it has been gradually recognized that the volume change of vulcanizates during extension is closely related to straininduced crystallization, formation and breakdown of filler agglomerates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on volume change and scanning electron microscope observation of carbon black‐filled natural rubber upon stretching

Zhang

Zheng²,

Zheng³

et al. 2022

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The volume of natural rubber vulcanizates varied slightly during stretching. Hydrostatic weighing method was adopted in this study to study the volume change. By measuring the volume change of natural rubber compounds filled with different grades and different loadings of carbon black during extension, the corresponding volume variation-elongation (ΔV/V-ε) curves were created, and the differences of ΔV/V-ε curves among different carbon black compounds were discussed. The stress differences between different samples were normalized and the ΔV/(Vσ)-ε curves were plotted. Scanning electron microscope was utilized to observe the emergence and variation process of cavities in various stretched states. X-ray diffraction was used to explore the change of crystallinity of the rubber after stretching to a certain elongation. Based on the experimental results, the damage at the filler-rubber matrix interface and within the fillers agglomerates would be discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on volume change and scanning electron microscope observation of carbon black‐filled natural rubber upon stretching

Zhang

Zheng²,

Zheng³

et al. 2022

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…The rise in the macroscopic volume can be correlated to the initiation and propagation of cracks. Therefore, this method suggests that the µCT and 3D-DIC results are qualitatively comparable [ 24 , 25 ]. Thus, it demonstrates the relevancy of two methods on the durability-based ranking of composites during deformation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of filled elastomers, the filler–filler network is responsible for the material’s non-linear viscoelastic behavior [ 8 ]. In a number of studies, the macroscopic strain field of the samples was characterized using the digital image correlation technique (DIC) [ 24 , 25 ], which helped access the volume change upon deformation [ 26 , 27 ]. In these works, the volume change was correlated to the crack growth and the fatigue properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Silica Specific Surface Area on the Viscoelastic and Fatigue Behaviors of Silica-Filled SBR Composites

et al. 2021

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This work aimed at studying the effect of a silica specific surface area (SSA), as determined by the nitrogen adsorption method, on the viscoelastic and fatigue behaviors of silica-filled styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) composites. In particular, silica fillers with an SSA of 125 m2/g, 165 m2/g, and 200 m2/g were selected. Micro-computed X-ray tomography (µCT) was utilized to analyze the 3D morphology of the fillers within an SBR matrix prior to mechanical testing. It was found with this technique that the volume density of the agglomerates drastically decreased with decreasing silica SSA, indicating an increase in the silica dispersion state. The viscoelastic behavior was evaluated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and hysteresis loss experiments. The fatigue behavior was studied by cyclic tensile loading until rupture enabled the generation of Wöhler curves. Digital image correlation (DIC) was used to evaluate the volume strain upon deformation, whereas µCT was used to evaluate the volume fraction of the fatigue-induced cracks. Last, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize, in detail, crack mechanisms. The main results indicate that fatigue life increased with decreasing silica SSA, which was also accompanied by a decrease in hysteresis loss and storage modulus. SEM investigations showed that filler–matrix debonding and filler fracture were the mechanisms at the origin of crack initiation. Both the volume fraction of the cracks obtained by µCT and the volume strain acquired from the DIC increased with increasing SSA of silica. The results are discussed based on the prominent role of the filler network on the viscoelastic and fatigue damage behaviors of SBR composites.

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“…Impulse pressures with the amplitude larger than the tensile strength of the material cause damage and loss of the material mass, which is called cavitation erosion [16,17]. Various forms of cavitation have been investigated: cavitation effects on the structure induced by the interaction between underwater blast and various boundaries [18], cavitation in thermoplastic-reinforced rubber composites upon cyclic testing [19], acoustic cavitation in the reservoir and effects on dynamic response of concrete dams [20], short-time cavitation (2 and 10 s) of concrete specimens [21], aggregate liberation from concrete by flow cavitation [22]. No studies could be found on the cavitation of concrete/mortar with silica addition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavitation properties of rendering mortars with micro silica addition

et al. 2021

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Micro-silica is a highly efficient mineral additive whose role is reflected in improvements of microstructure packing, strength and durability of non-shaped composite building materials such as concrete and mortar. A comparative study of performances of rendering mortars with different quantities of micro silica was conducted. The experimental program included production of reference mortar based on Portland cement and quartz sand (CM) and three mortars with 5, 10, and 15 % addition of micro silica (SCM-5, SCM-10, and SCM-15). The effect that micro silica addition has on the thermal behavior and mechanical properties of mortars was discussed. Hydration mechanisms and thermally induced reactions were studied at temperatures ranging from ambient to 1100 ?C by differential thermal analysis. The results were supported by X-ray diffraction analysis. The cementing efficiency of micro silica was assessed by cavitation erosion test. The changes in the morphology of mortar samples prior and upon cavitation testing were monitored by means of the scanning electron microscope imagining. It was found that 5 % of superfine micro silica (SCM-5 mortar) has positive effects on mechanical strengths (15 % increase in compressive strength) due to microstructure densification arising from the successive filling of voids by the micro silica. Addition of micro silica also improved the cavitation erosion resistance in comparison with reference cement mortar (SCM-5 showed cavitation velocity as low as 0.09 mg/min). This qualifies mortars with micro silica addition as building materials which can be safely employed in potential hydro-demolition environment.

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Cavitation in thermoplastic-reinforced rubber composites upon cyclic testing: Multiscale characterization and modelling

Cited by 11 publications

References 53 publications

Study on volume change and scanning electron microscope observation of carbon black‐filled natural rubber upon stretching

Study on volume change and scanning electron microscope observation of carbon black‐filled natural rubber upon stretching

Influence of Silica Specific Surface Area on the Viscoelastic and Fatigue Behaviors of Silica-Filled SBR Composites

Cavitation properties of rendering mortars with micro silica addition

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