Cavitation in superfluid helium-4 at low temperature

Lambaré, Hadrien; Roche, P.; Balibar, S.; Maris, Humphrey J.; Andreeva, O. A.; Guthmann, C.; Keshishev, K. O.; Rolley, E.

doi:10.1007/s100510050261

Cited by 33 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…1,2 These experiments have shown that quantum cavitation takes over thermal cavitation at a temperature ͑T͒ around 200 mK, in good agreement with theoretical calculations, 3,4 so that the problem of cavitation in liquid 4 He can be considered as satisfactorily settled.…”

Section: Martí Pi and Manuel Barrancosupporting

confidence: 73%

Quantum cavitation in liquid3He: Dissipation effects

1999

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We have investigated the effect that dissipation may have on the cavitation process in normal liquid 3 He. Our results indicate that a rather small dissipation decreases sizeably the quantum-to-thermal crossover temperature T* for cavitation in normal liquid 3 He. This is a possible explanation of why recent experiments have not yet found clear evidence of quantum cavitation at temperatures below the T* predicted by calculations which neglect dissipation. ͓S0163-1829͑99͒00429-4͔Quantum cavitation in superfluid liquid 4 He has been unambiguously observed using ultrasound experimental techniques. 1,2 These experiments have shown that quantum cavitation takes over thermal cavitation at a temperature ͑T͒ around 200 mK, in good agreement with theoretical calculations, 3,4 so that the problem of cavitation in liquid 4 He can be considered as satisfactorily settled.The crossover temperature corresponding to 3 He has also been calculated, 3,4 predicting that T*ϳ120 mK. It turns out that preliminary results obtained in a recent experiment 5 have not shown clear evidence of quantum cavitation for temperatures even below that value. However, the phenomenon has been firmly established as a stochastic process. A possible explanation is that thermal cavitation is still the dominant process down to temperatures lower than predicted.The method of Ref. 4 ͑see also Ref. 6͒ is based, on the one hand, in using a density functional that reproduces the thermodynamical properties of liquid 3 He at zero temperature ͑equation of state, effective mass, etc.͒, as well as the properties of the 3 He free surface. A major advantage of using a density functional is that one can handle bubbles in the vicinity of the spinodal region, where they are not empty objects 3,4 and any attempt to describe the critical bubble in terms of a sharp surface radius fails. 7 On the other hand, we have used a functional-integral approach especially well suited to find T*. This gives us some confidence on the values obtained for the crossover temperature, and inclines us to think that any appreciable discrepancy between theory and experiment has to be attributed not to the method itself, but to some physical ingredient which has been overlooked in the formalism. One such ingredient in the case of liquid 3 He is dissipation, which is known 8 to decrease T*. Since 4 He is superfluid below the lambda temperature, we are actually treating both quantum fluids within the same framework, the behavior of 4 He being accounted for by the dissipationless version of the general formalism.Our starting point is the real time Lagrangian density L( ,s):where (r,t) denotes the particle density, m the 3 He atomic mass, and s(r,t) is the velocity potential, i.e., the collective velocity is u(r,t)ϭٌs(r,t). The Hamiltonian density H( ,s) readswhere ( ) is the grand potential density of the system and m is the density of the metastable homogeneous liquid. We refer the reader to Ref. 4 and references therein for details.To describe the dynamics in the dissipative regime while still b...

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Section: Martí Pi and Manuel Barrancosupporting

confidence: 73%

Quantum cavitation in liquid3He: Dissipation effects

1999

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“…We have also studied the explosion of electron bubbles in the case of liquid 3 He. The capillary model of Sec.…”

Section: Electron Bubble Explosions In Liquid 3 Hementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This allows to address quantum cavitation, a phenomenon that may appear at very low temperatures. 3,5,6 Heterogeneous cavitation produced by impurities purposely introduced in the liquid is also interesting by itself, 7 and in a series of recent experiments the case of heterogeneous cavitation caused by electrons (electron bubble explosions) has been addressed in detail. 8,9,10 Another interesting case of heterogeneous cavitation in liquid 4 He thoroughly studied is that caused by the presence of quantized vortices acting as cavitation seeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavitation of Electron Bubbles in Liquid Helium Below Saturation Pressure

et al. 2005

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“…These waves are quasi-spherical and, at the acoustic focus (the center), their amplitude can be very large. We used an optical method to detect the nucleation of bubbles by the negative swings of the waves [1,2]. This nucleation occurs beyond a certain threshold in the sound amplitude which needs to be determined as accurately as possible, in order to compare with independent theoretical predictions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear effects and shock formation in the focusing of a spherical acoustic wave

Appert

Tenaud

Chavanne

et al. 2003

The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter

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The focusing of acoustic waves is used to study nucleation phenomena in liquids. At large amplitude, non-linear effects are important so that the magnitude of pressure or density oscillations is difficult to predict. We present a calculation of these oscillations in a spherical geometry. We show that the main source of non-linearities is the shape of the equation of state of the liquid, enhanced by the spherical geometry. We also show that the formation of shocks cannot be ignored beyond a certain oscillation amplitude. The shock length is estimated by an analytic calculation based on the characteristics method. In our numerical simulations, we have treated the shocks with a WENO scheme. We obtain a very good agreement with experimental measurements which were recently performed in liquid helium. The comparison between numerical and experimental results allows in particular to calibrate the vibration of the ceramics used to produce the wave, as a function of the applied voltage. . 6740.-w -4325.+y -6260.+v PACS

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Cavitation in superfluid helium-4 at low temperature

Abstract: Equation (42) should read:

Cited by 33 publications

References 2 publications

Quantum cavitation in liquid3He: Dissipation effects

Quantum cavitation in liquid3He: Dissipation effects

Cavitation of Electron Bubbles in Liquid Helium Below Saturation Pressure

Nonlinear effects and shock formation in the focusing of a spherical acoustic wave

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