Cavitation in strained polyethylene/nanographene nanocomposites

Rahmanian, Vahid; Gałęski, Andrzej

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124158

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Hence, the crystallization starts at higher temperatures. The case of graphene was puzzling until the steps on graphene platelets were detected . Those steps are present due to incomplete exfoliation of graphene platelets: with 5 nm average thickness a few layers of graphene are overlaid, exposing the sharp edges and steps decreasing the energy for nucleation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result of debonding, many deformation rings, flat and expanding, participate in the fracture. The impact resistance of G and rGO nanocomposites was studied by us in more detail in the past, 22 showing that in the centers of each ring there were G or rGO particles lying flat. The increase of nanoparticle content leads to more defects in the structure, resulting in a decrease of Izod impact strength.…”

Section: T H Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incorporation of nanofillers into HDPE offers a potential chance to upgrade the material’s physical properties while also improving its processing capabilities. HDPE has previously been reinforced with several different nanomaterials: carbon black, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), , cellulose nanocrystals, , carbon nanotubes, − graphene, − carbon nanofibers, nanoclay, , fibrillar nanoclay-sepiolite, silica and TiN nanopowders, alumina, carbon nanofillers, different metal oxide nanoparticles, ZnO, TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and inorganic particles like hydroxyapatite and nano calcium carbonate , are the examples of such materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Polyethylene Nanocomposites with Carbon Nanofillers: Similarities and Differences and New Insight on Cavitation in Tensile Drawing

Rahmanian,

Galeski,

Rozanski

2024

Macromolecules

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Polyethylene nanocomposites with most of the known carbon nanoparticles (carbon black, nanodiamonds, carbon nanotubes, fullerene, graphene, and reduced graphene oxide) were prepared and analyzed. Only carbon nanotubes and graphene platelets nucleated polyethylene crystallization and elevated its crystallization temperature by 3−4 °C. Single grains of the other carbon nanofillers did not show nucleation ability in contrast to their agglomerates. Hence, the number of nucleated polyethylene structural elements was less than the number of introduced nanoparticles by few orders of magnitude. The impact strength of nanocomposites increased by 30−40% for carbon black, nanodiamonds, fullerene, and carbon nanotubes, while it decreased by 25−30% for both plate-like nanofillers. In tensile stretching, polyethylene and its nanocomposites cavitated around the yield stress as shown by volume strain measurements. Surprisingly, small-angle X-ray data did not evidence voids smaller than approximately 10− 15 nm in diameter. The absence of small voids was noticed for plain polyethylene and all cavitating nanocomposites, for all local strains with fixed sample length and for all nanofiller concentrations. This observation opposes the common belief that the cavities are first initiated and subsequently slowly grow during further deformation. Apparently, cavitation pores of 10−15 nm diameter are formed suddenly in a single step. This value is surprisingly close to the thickness of the amorphous layer. It is suggested that, similar to ordinary liquids, the surface tension of the amorphous phase of polyethylene collapses small caverns. For strained amorphous polyethylene with the surface tension of 35.7 mJ/m 2 , the collapsing pressure for the 20 nm cavern would be 7 MPa. During stretching, the stress of 21 MPa would counterbalance the 7 MPa closing pressure. Such stress is generated close to the yield point. Any smaller cavities would require a larger stress and would collapse under the action of surface tension. This shows that the cavitation behavior of the amorphous phase of polyethylene at nanometer scale bears similarity to an ordinary liquid.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: T H Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Polyethylene Nanocomposites with Carbon Nanofillers: Similarities and Differences and New Insight on Cavitation in Tensile Drawing

Rahmanian,

Galeski,

Rozanski

2024

Macromolecules

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“…This offers a possibility for the use of polymer nanocomposites in various applications, such as medical, [15] electrical, [16] optical, [17] and mechanical. [18] For instance, Sui et al [12] investigated hairy silica nanoparticles (HSNs) modified with different functional groups as additives in polyalphaolefin (PAO). They found that the HSNs functionalized with -NH 2 groups showed the best friction resistance and anti-wear properties, yet the non-polar groups, such as -C 6 H 5 and -CH 3 , rendered HSNs with better dispersion in the PAO matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Functional Groups of Polymers on Their Adsorption Behavior on Graphene Oxide Nanosheets

Al‐Bermany

Chen

2023

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Graphene‐based polymer nanocomposites are emerging materials for both fundamental research and industrial applications. The influence of polymer functional groups on their adsorption behavior onto graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets is investigated, with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐methacrylic acid) (PMMA‐co‐MAA), and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) having the same backbone but different functional side groups selected as the model polymers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction results confirm the interfacial interaction between the polymer and GO. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals notable enhancements in the amount of the adsorbed polymer up to 30.6 wt.% for PMMA‐co‐MAA/GO and 49.7 wt.% PMAA/GO compared with 18.7 wt.% for PMMA/GO. The water contact angle decreases from 71.3o for PMMA/GO to 69.1° for PMMA‐co‐MAA/GO and to 61.2° for PMAA/GO. The further washing process reduces the adsorption amount for the polymer/GO hybrid. Overall, the polar functional groups of the polymer directly influence the polymer adsorption behavior onto GO.

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The all‐polymer composites and blends made of ethylene–octene copolymer and partially disentangled polypropylene using a new processing approach

Krajenta,

Pawlak

2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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All‐polymer composites and blends of ethylene–octene copolymer (EOC) and polypropylene (PP) were produced in the extrusion process. They had the same composition (96:4 wt.%), but five different entanglement densities of PP macromolecules. Depending on the processing temperature, below or above the melting point of PP, fibers or spherical inclusions were formed inside the EOC matrix. The production of PP fibers directly during mixing was possible by reducing the entanglement of macromolecules in this polymer. During fiber formation by solid‐state plastic deformation, the crystallinity of PP decreased, especially for the less entangled polymers. The presence of fibers influenced the mechanical properties of the composites, which were different from those of the blends. Both in blends and composites, the matrix was reinforced, but in the composites the effect was stronger and the measured stresses increased with the lower degree of PP entanglement. SAXS and microscopic observations showed that cavitation occurred in the deformed composites. All‐polymer composites, in which the reinforcement was created as a result of polymer deformation with limited entanglements, have properties that are advantageously different from traditional ones, which opens the prospect of their application.

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Cavitation in strained polyethylene/nanographene nanocomposites

Cited by 8 publications

References 68 publications

Polyethylene Nanocomposites with Carbon Nanofillers: Similarities and Differences and New Insight on Cavitation in Tensile Drawing

Polyethylene Nanocomposites with Carbon Nanofillers: Similarities and Differences and New Insight on Cavitation in Tensile Drawing

Effect of the Functional Groups of Polymers on Their Adsorption Behavior on Graphene Oxide Nanosheets

The all‐polymer composites and blends made of ethylene–octene copolymer and partially disentangled polypropylene using a new processing approach

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