Cavernous venous malformation (cavernous hemangioma) of the orbit: Current concepts and a review of the literature

Calandriello, Luigi; Grimaldi, Gabriela; Petrone, Gianluigi; Rigante, Mario; Petroni, Sergio; Riso, Monica; Savino, Gustavo

doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.01.004

Cited by 99 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Orbital cavernous hemangioma (OCH) is a rare venous malformation presenting as a benign tumor that may involve the extraconal and/or intraconal space . Although observation is often all that is necessary for asymptomatic lesions, surgical removal is generally considered in patients with visual impairment or in cases of significant volumetric increase during radiologic follow‐up.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the international orbital Cavernous Hemangioma Exclusively Endonasal Resection (CHEER) staging system

Rassi

Adappa

Battaglia

et al. 2019

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol

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Background Orbital cavernous hemangiomas (OCH) are the most common adult orbital tumor and represent an ideal index lesion for endonasal orbital tumor surgery. In order to standardize outcomes reporting, an anatomic‐based staging system was developed. Methods An international, multidisciplinary panel of 23 experts in orbital tumor surgery was formed. A modified Delphi method was used to develop the cavernous hemangioma exclusively endonasal resection (CHEER) staging system with a total of 2 rounds being completed. Results Tumors medial to a plane along the long axis of the optic nerve may be considered amenable for an exclusively endonasal resection. In select cases, tumors may extend inferolaterally if the tumor remains below a plane from the contralateral naris through the long axis of the optic nerve (ie, plane of resectability [POR]). This definition reached consensus with 91.3% of panelists in agreement. Five stages were designed based on increasing technical resection difficulty and potential for morbidity. Stages were based on the relationship of the tumor to the extraocular muscles, the inferomedial muscular trunk of the ophthalmic artery (IMT), and orbital foramina. Staging by anatomic location also reached consensus with 87.0% of panelists in agreement. Size was not included in the staging system due to the lack of agreement on the contribution of size to resection difficulty. Conclusion Endoscopic orbital tumor surgery is a nascent field with a growing, yet heterogeneous, body of literature. The CHEER staging system is designed to facilitate international, high‐quality, standardized studies establishing the safety, efficacy, and outcomes of endonasal resection of OCH.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the international orbital Cavernous Hemangioma Exclusively Endonasal Resection (CHEER) staging system

Rassi

Adappa

Battaglia

et al. 2019

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol

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“…They present in the MRI as lesions of heterogeneous intensity in T1 and with high intensity in T2 and flow void is seen. 6 As malignant lesions, neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. The tumor arise from the sympathetic nervous system with intra-abdominal disease representing two-thirds of the cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Diagnosis of Orbital Tumors in Children

Rodrigues¹,

Tostes²,

Caran³

et al. 2017

IJRRT

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“…The most frequent location is the retrobulbar compartment of the orbit, especially the lateral aspect [16,21]. The most common sign and symptom is exophthalmos, which is present in 70-95% of cases [24][25][26]. At initial presentation, the average value of proptosis is approximately 5 mm and its progression is calculated to be about 2 mm per year [27].…”

Section: Surgical Procedures and Pathological Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological and Clinical Characteristics of Surgically Removed Cavernous Venous Malformations (so-called Cavernous Hemangiomas) of the Orbit

Costan¹,

Sava²,

Cărăuleanu³

et al. 2019

Rev. Chim.

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Cavernous venous malformation (CVM) is the most common primary vascular lesion of the orbit. The aim of this study is to present authors �experience regarding fourteen patients with orbital CVM (so-called cavernous hemangioma) and identify their clinical and histopathological particular characteristics. From 2010 to 2017 a total of 14 patients were diagnosed with orbital cavernous hemangiomas and treated by the authors. Patients� socio-demographic, clinical, radiological, and surgical findings were retrospectively retrieved from medical records and analyzed. Diagnosis of a cavernous hemangioma was confirmed histologically in all cases. Results: All 14 patients were females, with a mean age of 44.2 years old, ranging from 13 years to 57 years. The left orbit was affected in eleven (78.57%) cases. A painless, gradually progressive proptosis and visual disturbance were the main clinical signs. In four (28.57%) cases, the lesion was incidentally discovered at imaging evaluations for persistent headache. All patients were accurately diagnosed preoperatively based on computed tomography (CT) exam or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The tumors were removed successfully by anterior orbitotomy. Transconjunctival approach proved to be an important surgical procedure in their treatment, with excellent results and a low risk of complications. Histologically, all lesions revealed large vascular channels with endothelium lining and multilaminar smooth muscle layers in their walls, but also nests of small capillary channels in interstitium. No intravascular thrombosis or stromal lymphocytes could be seen. Orbital cavernous hemangiomas presented clinical, imaging and histological features of a benign lesion. Having to deal with extraconal lesions, we successfully used anterior orbitotomy, mainly the transconjuctival approach, with no complications or recurrences after a six-month follow-up period. Histologically, all lesions revealed images being most closely to dysplastic veins. So, we concluded that the so-called orbital cavernous hemangioma was rather a cavernous venous malformation.

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Cavernous venous malformation (cavernous hemangioma) of the orbit: Current concepts and a review of the literature

Cited by 99 publications

References 80 publications

Development of the international orbital Cavernous Hemangioma Exclusively Endonasal Resection (CHEER) staging system

Development of the international orbital Cavernous Hemangioma Exclusively Endonasal Resection (CHEER) staging system

Differential Diagnosis of Orbital Tumors in Children

Histopathological and Clinical Characteristics of Surgically Removed Cavernous Venous Malformations (so-called Cavernous Hemangiomas) of the Orbit

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