Cavaliers Made Us ‘United’: Local Football, Identity Politics and Second-generation African-Caribbean Youth in the East Midlandsc.1970–9

‘Black Lives Matter:’ sport, race and ethnicity in challenging times

“…Foci include the chronic underrepresentation of Black coaches (Bradbury, 2016;Rankin-Wright et al, 2016), educational inequalities in PE (Dagkas, 2016;Dagkas et al, 2019), inequalities and negative experiences in sports club participation (e.g. Campbell, 2013;Long et al, 2009;Schlesinger et al, 2020), the division of sports leagues along national or ethnic lines (e.g. Burdsey, 2009;Evans & Piggott, 2016;Long et al, 2009), racism amongst fans and in the sports media (Farrington et al, 2015;Johal, 2001;Kilvington & Price, 2017;King, 2000).…”

“…Unsurprisingly then, accounts of racist discrimination, inequality, abuse and conflict are also widespread in the sociology of sport research (e.g. Bradbury et al, 2020;Burdsey, 2004Burdsey, , 2006bCampbell, 2013Campbell, , 2020Coram & Hallinan, 2017;Ratna & Samie, 2018). Yet elsewhere, firsthand accounts of what it means to experience racial inequality are not heard as much as might be hoped or expected, including from academics themselves.…”

Can ‘the ghetto’ really take over the county? ‘Race’, generation & social change in local football in the UK

“…In the early 1990s, the Cavaliers was already a successful local football club which could boast its own facilities and pitches, with a home base funded by a grant from the city authorities as a means of pacifying black youth after the 1981 urban ‘race’ riots in the UK (Benyon and Solomos, 1987; Campbell, 2013). During this first intensive two years of participatory research on site, extensive research field notes were recorded and analysed.…”

“…So, using field notes, documentary sources and interviews, this time with 26 club members and players, in this second research phase Campbell sought to re-examine the changing experiences and perceptions of the male members of the Cavaliers club over the entire period of its existence, from 1970 to the present day. But he also used the early 1990s study as a benchmark for measuring change (Campbell, 2013).…”

Racial Bias in Fans and Officials: Evidence from the Italian Serie A

“…Several studies have attempted to examine the effects of racial bias on performance in modern football (Buraimo et al, 2012; Campbell, 2013; Gallo et al, 2013), though we know of no studies that have analysed these effects in the Italian context. While certain limitations are discussed in the next section, the underlying theories informing these cases have informed the policy prescriptions developed to combat these biases.…”