Causes of the 2003 Major Grid Blackouts in North America and Europe, and Recommended Means to Improve System Dynamic Performance

Andersson, Göran; Donalek, Peter; Farmer, Richard G.; Hatziargyriou, N.; Kamwa, Innocent; Kundur, P.; Martins, N.; Paserba, John; Pourbeik, P.; Sanchez-Gasca, J.J.; Schulz, R.P.; Stanković, A.M.; Taylor, C.W.; Vittal, Vijay

doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2005.857942

Cited by 1,079 publications

(505 citation statements)

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“…They can also cause a substation failure(s) and in turn a cascading failure of substations. In 2003, a large-scale cascading blackout in Northeast America was caused partially by defects in operating SCADA applications [33]. The blackout triggered malfunction of other infrastructures such as water supply, transportation, telephone lines and the Internet.…”

Section: Safety-critical Applications In Power Utility Communication mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary high-dimensional QoS optimization for safety-critical utility communication networks

2011

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This paper proposes and evaluates an evolutionary multiobjective optimization algorithm, called EVOLT, which heuristically optimizes QoS (quality of service) parameters in communication networks. EVOLT uses a population of individuals, each of which represents a set of QoS parameters, and evolves the individuals via genetic operators such as crossover, mutation and selection for satisfying given QoS requirements. For evaluating EVOLT in real-world settings that have high-dimensional parameter and optimization objective spaces, this paper focuses on QoS optimization in safety-critical communication networks for electric power utilities. Simulation results show that EVOLT outperforms a well-known existing evolutionary algorithm for multiobjective optimization and efficiently obtains quality QoS parameters with acceptable computational costs. Moreover, EVOLT visualizes obtained QoS parameters in a Self-Organizing Map in order to aid network administrators to intuitively understand the QoS parameters and the tradeoffs among optimization objectives.

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Section: Safety-critical Applications In Power Utility Communication mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary high-dimensional QoS optimization for safety-critical utility communication networks

2011

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“…Intentional Controlled Islanding (ICI) has been proposed as an effective corrective control action [1,2]. ICI is an adaptive control strategy for systems under emergency and in extremis states [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ICI is an adaptive control strategy for systems under emergency and in extremis states [1][2][3][4][5]. After a severe contingency, ICI intentionally separates the bulk network into several self-sustaining electrically isolated islands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constrained spectral clustering‐based methodology for intentional controlled islanding of large‐scale power systems

Quirós-Tortós¹,

Sánchez-García

Brodzki

et al. 2015

IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution

118

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Abstract:Intentional controlled islanding is an effective corrective approach to minimise the impact of cascading outages leading to large-area blackouts. This paper proposes a novel methodology, based on constrained spectral clustering, that is computationally very efficient and determines an islanding solution with minimal power flow disruption, while ensuring that each island contains only coherent generators. The proposed methodology also enables operators to constrain any branch, which must not be disconnected, to be excluded from the islanding solution. The methodology is tested using the dynamic models of the IEEE 39-and IEEE 118-bus test systems. Time-domain simulation results for different contingencies are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology to minimise the impact of cascading outages leading to large-area blackouts. In addition, a realistically sized system (a reduced model of the Great Britain network with 815 buses) is used to evaluate the efficiency and accuracy of the methodology in large-scale networks. These simulations demonstrate that our methodology is more efficient, in a factor of approximately 10, and more accurate than another existing approach for minimal power flow disruption.

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“…The so-called transient stability analysis is associated with the ability of a power grid to maintain synchronism when subjected to a large disturbance (Kundur 1994;Chiang 1999; IEEE/CIGRE Joint Task Force on Stability Terms and Definitions 2004). Loss of transient stability is recognized as one cause of large blackouts such as the September 2003 blackout in Italy (Corsi and Sabelli 2004;Andersson et al 2005). Transient stability is mainly governed by oscillations of relative rotor angles between different rotating machines in the short-term regime (0 to 10 seconds (Kundur 1994)) and is mathematically investigated by the so-called nonlinear swing equations (Kundur 1994;Chiang 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One goal of our study is to demonstrate swing dynamics that cause a cascade of failures in an interconnected power grid. Blackouts spreading into a large-scale power grid are brought about by a sequence of failures (Andersson et al 2005). A large-scale grid usually consists of strongly inner-connected grids, called sub-grids, which are coupled to a weak transmission network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent Swing Instability of Power Grids

2011

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We interpret and explain a phenomenon in short-term swing dynamics of multi-machine power grids that we term the Coherent Swing Instability (CSI). This is an undesirable and emergent phenomenon of synchronous machines in a power grid, in which most of the machines in a sub-grid coherently lose synchronism with the rest of the grid after being subjected to a finite disturbance. We develop a minimal mathematical model of CSI for synchronous machines that are strongly coupled in a loop transmission network and weakly connected to the infinite bus. This model provides a dynamical origin of CSI: it is related to the escape from a potential well, or, more precisely, to exit across a separatrix in the dynamical system for the amplitude of the weak nonlinear mode that governs the collective motion of the machines. The linear oscillations between strongly coupled machines then act as perturbations on the nonlinear mode. Thus we reveal how the three different mode oscillations-local plant, inter-machine, and inter-area modes-interact to destabilize a power grid. Furthermore, we present a phenomenon of short-term swing dynamics in the New England (NE) 39-bus test system, which is a well-known benchmark model for power grid sta- bility studies. Using a partial linearization of the nonlinear swing equations and the proper orthonormal decomposition, we show that CSI occurs in the NE test system, because it is a dynamical system with a nonlinear mode that is weak relative to the linear oscillatory modes.

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Causes of the 2003 Major Grid Blackouts in North America and Europe, and Recommended Means to Improve System Dynamic Performance

Cited by 1,079 publications

References 15 publications

Evolutionary high-dimensional QoS optimization for safety-critical utility communication networks

Evolutionary high-dimensional QoS optimization for safety-critical utility communication networks

Constrained spectral clustering‐based methodology for intentional controlled islanding of large‐scale power systems

Coherent Swing Instability of Power Grids

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