Causes of retrograde flow in fish keratocytes

Fuhs, Thomas; Goegler, Michael; Brunner, Claudia; Wolgemuth, Charles W.; Kaes, Josef

doi:10.1002/cm.21151

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…This is due to the fan-like, triangular shape of the cell, where membrane tension not only reduces the extension normal to the direction of motion, but also in direction of motion. The velocity is not substantially affected (in the 10 − 20% range), in accordance with experiments [13,12].…”

Section: Membrane Tension As a Counteracting Force To Polymerizationsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The effect of membrane tension was studied also for neutrophils, both during pseudopod formation and for fully developed motion [10], for spreading fibroblasts [11], as well as for moving keratocytes [12]. Some of the observed effects include: (i) increased membrane tension can cause leukocytes to stop moving [10]; (ii) reducing tension can stimulate moving keratocytes to develop several fronts [12]; (iii) softening the cell membrane does not affect the velocity of keratocytes [12,13], it only increases the retrograde flow of actin towards the cell's interior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Membrane tension feedback on shape and motility of eukaryotic cells

Winkler

Aranson

Ziebert

2016

Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena

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In the framework of a phase field model of a single cell crawling on a substrate, we investigate how the properties of the cell membrane affect the shape and motility of the cell. Since the membrane influences the cell dynamics on multiple levels and provides a nontrivial feedback, we consider the following fundamental interactions: (i) the reduction of the actin polymerization rate by membrane tension; (ii) area conservation of the cell's two-dimensional cross-section vs. conservation of its circumference (i.e. membrane inextensibility); and (iii) the contribution from the membrane's bending energy to the shape and integrity of the cell. As in experiments, we investigate two pertinent observables -the cell's velocity and its aspect ratio. We find that the most important effect is the feedback of membrane tension on the actin polymerization. Bending rigidity has only minor effects, visible mostly in dynamic reshaping events, as exemplified by collisions of the cell with an obstacle.

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Section: Membrane Tension As a Counteracting Force To Polymerizationsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane tension feedback on shape and motility of eukaryotic cells

Winkler

Aranson

Ziebert

2016

Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena

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“…The keratocytes exerted traction forces mainly at the rear left and right ends ( Fig. 2B; typical pseudo-color image from 58 samples), as has been found in previous studies (Burton et al, 1999;Chen et al, 2013;Doyle et al, 2004;Fournier et al, 2010;Fuhs et al, 2014;Jurado et al, 2005). As expected, the minikeratocytes also exerted traction forces mainly at the rear left and right ends ( Fig.…”

Section: Traction Forces and Migration Velocities Of Keratocytes And supporting

confidence: 85%

“…Treatment with low concentrations of blebbistatin induces lateral expansion of keratocytes and deforms the shape (Barnhart et al, 2011;Fuhs et al, 2014). To determine whether loss of the contractile force of actomyosin would shift the distribution of the traction forces and focal adhesions, we treated the keratocytes with blebbistatin.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Deformation Of the Fan Shape Of Keratocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape and Area of Keratocytes Are Related to the Distribution and Magnitude of Their Traction Forces

Sonoda

Okimura

Iwadate

2016

Cell Struct. Funct.

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ABSTRACT. Fish epidermal keratocytes maintain an overall fan shape during their crawling migration. The shape-determination mechanism has been described theoretically and experimentally on the basis of graded radial extension of the leading edge, but the relationship between shape and traction forces has not been clarified. Migrating keratocytes can be divided into fragments by treatment with the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine. Fragments containing a nucleus and cytoplasm behave as mini-keratocytes and maintain the same fan shape as the original cells. We measured the shape of the leading edge, together with the areas of the ventral region and traction forces, of keratocytes and mini-keratocytes. The shapes of keratocytes and mini-keratocytes were similar. Mini-keratocytes exerted traction forces at the rear left and right ends, just like keratocytes. The magnitude of the traction forces was proportional to the area of the keratocytes and mini-keratocytes. The myosin II ATPase inhibitor blebbistatin decreased the forces at the rear left and right ends of the keratocytes and expanded their shape laterally. These results suggest that keratocyte shape depends on the distribution of the traction forces, and that the magnitude of the traction forces depends on the area of the cells.

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“…18 The motile cell type that is best studied experimentally so far are fish keratocytes. 6,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Importantly, it has been shown 19,30 that also keratocyte lamellipodial fragments are able to move, quite similar to entire cells. Fragment formation can be induced by strongly inhibiting the myosin motors, thereby inducing a detachment of (parts of) the lamellipodium from the rest of the cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational approaches to substrate-based cell motility

Ziebert

Aranson

2016

npj Comput Mater

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Substrate-based crawling motility of eukaryotic cells is essential for many biological functions, both in developing and mature organisms. Motility dysfunctions are involved in several life-threatening pathologies such as cancer and metastasis. Motile cells are also a natural realisation of active, self-propelled 'particles', a popular research topic in nonequilibrium physics. Finally, from the materials perspective, assemblies of motile cells and evolving tissues constitute a class of adaptive self-healing materials that respond to the topography, elasticity and surface chemistry of the environment and react to external stimuli. Although a comprehensive understanding of substrate-based cell motility remains elusive, progress has been achieved recently in its modelling on the whole-cell level. Here we survey the most recent advances in computational approaches to cell movement and demonstrate how these models improve our understanding of complex self-organised systems such as living cells.

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Causes of retrograde flow in fish keratocytes

Cited by 21 publications

References 49 publications

Membrane tension feedback on shape and motility of eukaryotic cells

Membrane tension feedback on shape and motility of eukaryotic cells

Shape and Area of Keratocytes Are Related to the Distribution and Magnitude of Their Traction Forces

Computational approaches to substrate-based cell motility

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