Causes of increasing ozone and decreasing carbon monoxide in springtime at the Mt. Bachelor Observatory from 2004 to 2013

Gratz, Lynne E.; Jaffe, Dan; Hee, J.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.05.076

Cited by 66 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Even though there are numerous methodologies for the measurement of CO 2 and data on atmospheric CO 2 concentrations have been available since the late 1950s, atmospheric chemistry models still have difficulty estimating CO 2 concentrations in conditions other than in a well-mixed planetary boundary layer (Haszpra et al, 2012). Because FT/BL exchange varies by season and by day, long-term, high-altitude, observations of CO 2 are important in understanding the atmospheric CO 2 cycle (Gurk et al, 2008;Font et al, 2010;Haszpra et al, 2012 (Jaffe et al, 2005;Weiss-Penzias et al, 2006;Weiss-Penzias et al, 2007;Fischer et al, 2009), mercury , O 3 (Ambrose et al, 2011), and CO (Gratz et al, 2015). In all of these studies, the FT/BL exchange was considered, especially in the studies performed at MBO by Reidmiller et al (2010) and Weiss-Penzias et al (2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all of these studies, the FT/BL exchange was considered, especially in the studies performed at MBO by Reidmiller et al (2010) and Weiss-Penzias et al (2006). The location of the observatory makes it ideal for the measurement of clean air masses and trans-Pacific transport with little local anthropogenic influences upwind Ambrose et al, 20115;Gratz et al, 2015). The prevailing Pacific High Pressure system and predominately westerly winds provide frequent opportunities to sample long-range transport of pollutants during spring (Stohl et al, 2002;Jaffe et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weekly 1-hour automated zeros were performed with an ozone scrubber cartridge, while manual calibrations were performed at 6-month intervals using a Washington State Department of Ecology transfer standard (Serial Number #6452), which was calibrated to the EPA Region 9 Standard Reference Photometer (Gratz et al, 2015). The total uncertainty for O 3 is ± 2% (Ambrose et al, 2011) with a method detection limit (MDL) of 1.57 ppbv.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, O 3 measurements were made by dual UV instruments, a Dasibi 1008 RS and an Ecotech Serinus 10 (Weiss- Ambrose et al, 2011;Gratz et al, 2015). Weekly 1-hour automated zeros were performed with an ozone scrubber cartridge, while manual calibrations were performed at 6-month intervals using a Washington State Department of Ecology transfer standard (Serial Number #6452), which was calibrated to the EPA Region 9 Standard Reference Photometer (Gratz et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During this period, CO 2 and CO measurements were made using a Picarro G2302 Cavity Ring-Down Spectrometer. Calibrations were performed every 8 hours using three different NOAA calibration gas standards, which are referenced to the World Meteorological Organization's (WMO) mole fraction calibration scale (Gratz et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Dioxide in the Free Troposphere and Boundary Layer at the Mt. Bachelor Observatory

McClure

Jaffe

Gao

2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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We use data for 2012-2014 from the Mt. Bachelor Observatory (MBO) in central Oregon to understand variations in carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the free troposphere (FT) and boundary layer (BL). The goals of this analysis are to identify and examine CO 2 in FT and BL air, events due to wildfires, the role of transport patterns, and the variation of CO 2 seasonally. For all seasons, we found that FT air has higher average CO 2 mixing ratios compared to BL air. FT air was most often seen during the night and early morning at MBO (20-8 PST) while BL air was most often observed during the afternoon and evening (12-20 PST). Winter and spring showed the highest mixing ratios of CO 2 while summer and fall showed the lowest mixing ratios. The maximum diurnal change in CO 2 was found during spring and summer. HYSPLIT backtrajectories and a cluster analysis of those trajectories were initiated for spring months. Based on this analysis, the spring clusters with the highest ozone and lowest water vapor mixing ratios were associated with the highest mixing ratios of CO 2 . Four case studies of CO 2 variations are presented: a long-range transport event observed at MBO and three wildfire events. In one large fire event, CO 2 showed a large enhancement and was well correlated with CO. In another fire event, CO 2 was observed to decrease, suggesting that depletion in BL air by surface uptake can counteract the enhancements from wildfire emissions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Carbon Dioxide in the Free Troposphere and Boundary Layer at the Mt. Bachelor Observatory

McClure

Jaffe

Gao

2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Improved western U.S. background ozone estimates via constraining nonlocal and local source contributions using Aura TES and OMI observations

et al. 2015

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Western U.S. near-surface ozone (O 3 ) concentrations are sensitive to transported background O 3 from the eastern Pacific free troposphere, as well as U.S. anthropogenic and natural emissions. The current 75 ppbv U.S. O 3 primary standard may be lowered soon, hence accurately estimating O 3 source contributions, especially background O 3 in this region has growing policy-relevant significance. In this study, we improve the modeled total and background O 3 , via repartitioning and redistributing the contributions from nonlocal and local anthropogenic/wildfires sources in a multi-scale satellite data assimilation system containing global Goddard Earth Observing System-Chemistry model (GEOS-Chem) and regional Sulfur Transport and dEposition Model (STEM). Focusing on NASA's ARCTAS (Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites) field campaign period in June-July 2008, we first demonstrate that the negative biases in GEOS-Chem free simulation in the eastern Pacific at 400-900 hPa are reduced via assimilating Aura-Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) O 3 profiles. Using the TES-constrained boundary conditions, we then assimilated into STEM the tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) columns from Aura-Ozone Monitoring Instrument to indicate U.S. nitrogen oxides (NO x = NO 2 + NO) emissions at 12 × 12 km 2 grid scale.Improved model skills are indicated from cross validation against independent ARCTAS measurements. Leveraging Aura observations, we show anomalously high wildfire NO x emissions in this summer in Northern California and the Central Valley while lower anthropogenic emissions in multiple urban areas than those representing the year of 2005. We found strong spatial variability of the daily maximum 8 h average background O 3 and its contribution to the modeled total O 3 , with the mean value of~48 ppbv (~77% of the total).

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Revisiting the evidence of increasing springtime ozone mixing ratios in the free troposphere over western North America

Lin

Horowitz

Cooper

et al. 2015

Geophys. Res. Lett.

110

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We present a 20 year time series of in situ free tropospheric ozone observations above western North America during springtime and interpret results using hindcast simulations (1980–2014) conducted with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory global chemistry‐climate model (GFDL AM3). Revisiting the analysis of Cooper et al. (), we show that sampling biases can substantially influence calculated trends. AM3 cosampled in space and time with observations reproduces the observed ozone trend (0.65 ± 0.32 ppbv yr−1) over 1995–2008 (in simulations either with or without time‐varying emissions), whereas AM3 “true median” with continuous temporal and spatial sampling indicates an insignificant trend (0.25 ± 0.32 ppbv yr−1). Extending this analysis to 1995–2014, we find a weaker ozone trend of 0.31 ± 0.21 ppbv yr−1 from observations and 0.36 ± 0.18 ppbv yr−1 from AM3 “true median.” Rising Asian emissions and global methane contribute to this increase. While interannual variability complicates the attribution of ozone trends, multidecadal hindcasts can aid in the estimation of robust confidence limits for trends based on sparse observational records.

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Causes of increasing ozone and decreasing carbon monoxide in springtime at the Mt. Bachelor Observatory from 2004 to 2013

Cited by 66 publications

References 40 publications

Carbon Dioxide in the Free Troposphere and Boundary Layer at the Mt. Bachelor Observatory

Carbon Dioxide in the Free Troposphere and Boundary Layer at the Mt. Bachelor Observatory

Improved western U.S. background ozone estimates via constraining nonlocal and local source contributions using Aura TES and OMI observations

Revisiting the evidence of increasing springtime ozone mixing ratios in the free troposphere over western North America

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