Causes of hypothermia in 89 lambs

Eales, FA; Gilmour, JS; Barlow, R. A.; Small, J.

doi:10.1136/vr.110.6.118

Cited by 59 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Slee 1977Haresign etal.1977;Eales et al 1982b Bennen 1982) and has been reported to decline in newborn lambs (Alexander 1962) (Robinson et al 1986). However, the extent of hypothermia in these lambs was substantially less than the, on average, 30'C identified by shepherds with field animals (Eales et al 1982a). Alexander (1962) …”

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confidence: 80%

Recovery of Neonatal Lambs From Hypothermia With Thermal Assistance

Robinson¹,

Young²

1988

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 1988. Recovery of neonatal lambs from hypothermia with thermal assistance. Can. J. Anim. Metabolic heat production and body core temperature were measured in 12 newborn lambs (4.7 +0.2 kg) prior to and during the induction of acute hypothermia (Tc:30"C), as well as during recovery to euthermia. Hypothermia was induced by immersion in l4-28"C water. Rewarming was achieved by one of three procedures: (A) immersion of the lambs in warm water (38'C); (B)

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confidence: 80%

Recovery of Neonatal Lambs From Hypothermia With Thermal Assistance

Robinson¹,

Young²

1988

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Secondly, exhaustion of liver and muscle glycogen coincides with the likely (Alexander, 1962c) and the known (Eales et al 1982a;Mellor, 1983;Eales & Small, 1985) times of appearance of hypothermia in unfed lambs which have not experienced prenatal or intrapartum hypoxaemia, lower air temperatures causing an earlier appearance of hypothermia (Table 6). …”

Section: Utilization Of Body Energy Reservesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, the availability of carbohydrate and not lipid is the ultimate determinant of the period during which a new-born's well being will not be threatened. Even and the resulting hypoglycaemia lead to depressed heat production which causes hypothermia and to compromised cerebral function, indicated by coma, convulsions and other symptoms (Goodwin, 1957;McCance & Widdowson, 1959;Alexander, 1962c;Cormblath & Schwartz, 1966;Shelley & Neligan, 1966;Eales, Small & Armstrong, 1980;Eales, Gilmour, Barlow & Small, 1982a;Eales, Small & Gilmour, 1982c). Hypothermia usually precedes cerebral compromise and is often the cause ofdeath in cold conditions, whereas cerebral compromise usually causes death in thermoneutral conditions.…”

Section: Utilization Of Body Energy Reservesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Energy Metabolism in the New‐born Infant, Piglet and Lamb

1986

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Characteristics of energy metabolism in the new‐born infant, piglet and lamb have been compared quantitatively in order to assess how the constraints imposed by the availabilities of energy substrates in body reserves and colostrum differ between species and affect the new‐born's well being during the first day after birth. Three air temperature ranges, described as thermoneutral (32‐38 °C), moderate (18‐26 °C) and cold (0‐10 °C) and representing the usual birth environments of infants, piglets and lambs, respectively, have been considered. The analysis revealed the following noteworthy points. Carbohydrate and lipid are the major energy substrates for heat production because protein catabolism is minimal during the first day after birth in all three species. The availability of carbohydrate determines how long the new‐born can avoid hypoglycaemia, which threatens well being because it leads to hypothermia or compromised cerebral function, but lipid availability can affect the periods for which the carbohydrate can last. Thus, in unfed piglets and lambs the available reserves of liver and skeletal muscle glycogen (g/kg body weight) are similar in normal (n.) and growth retarded (g.r.) individuals, but glycogen exhaustion occurs earlier in g.r. new‐borns because a reduced lipid availability in them increases their dependence on carbohydrate. In contrast, lipid energy is plentiful in g.r., preterm (p.) and n. infants, so that the faster depletion of glycogen in g.r./p. than in n. individuals is primarily due to a restricted prenatal glycogen deposition in the former. The usual colostrum intakes of n. infants are very low during the first day, but their body reserves can supply the required energy, the major source of carbohydrate being liver glycogen. However, g.r./p. infants require supplementary feeding, the choice of feed being determined by factors such as the intakes the infants can achieve, the carbohydrate content of the feed and the need to ensure a balanced supply of minerals, electrolytes and other substances. In their usual birth environments piglets and lambs, whether growth retarded or not, require colostrum to avoid hypothermia during the first day. The colostrum of both species is rich in lipid, which corrects any deficit in the new‐born and thus extends the availability of glycogen, but at the usual colostrum intakes the amounts of lactose can provide sufficient carbohydrate energy for only about half a day. Piglets and lambs, even when fed fully, are therefore obliged to call on their body glycogen reserves in order to make up the difference. After the first day in all three species milk must rapidly become the only source of carbohydrate, lipid and protein. It is suggested that despite differences between them, the piglet or lamb could prove to be useful animal models of the infant's metabolism, but only if the experimental conditions are chosen carefully.

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“…starvation. Eales, Gilmour, Barlow and Small (1982) defined two periods of high risk from neonatal hypothermia: birth to 5 h of age and 12 to 36 h of age. In the first period, the major cause of hypothermia was excessive heat loss.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effect of environmental temperature during pregnancy on thermoregulation in the newborn lamb

Stott

Slee

1985

Anim. Sci.

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Twenty-four pregnant Scottish Blackface ewes were divided into three temperature-treatment groups 14 days before expected lambing: closely shorn and kept at 6°C (cold treatment, CD); in full fleece at 26°C (warm treatment, WM); and in full fleece at 6°C (controls, CL). Food allocation and intakes were similar for each group. Their lambs were tested for cold-induced summit metabolic rate capability (SMR) on the day of birth at a mean age of 12 h using water immersion to provide cooling. On the following day, the calorigenic response to subcutaneous injections of noradrenaline (NA) was measured to assess non-shivering thermogenesis capability. The ewes were blood-sampled during pregnancy and the lambs before and after the SMR test.In the ewes, .blood glucose and free fatty acid levels were higher during cold treatment, but not significantly so. Blood glucose was lower in lambs from CD ewes (CD lambs) before SMR tests; other differences were not significant.During the cold test, SMR was highest in CD lambs, but not significantly so. Rectal temperature declined least during test in the CD lambs (P < 0-05).The peak metabolic response (PMR) following NA injection was about 1-5 times greater in CD lambs than in the CL and WM lambs (P < 0-05). The mean elevation of PMR over thermoneutral metabolic rate was respectively: 2-8, 1-8 and 1-7 times in the CD, CL and WM lambs (P < 0-05), and this elevation was sustained for longer in the CD lambs (P < 0-01). Thus, the total metabolic response to NA was markedly greater in CD lambs.It was concluded that cold exposure during late pregnancy favoured the deposition of (or checked the normal decline in) foetal brown adipose tissue, so raising the neonatal capacity for non-shivering thermogenesis.

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Causes of hypothermia in 89 lambs

Cited by 59 publications

References 0 publications

Recovery of Neonatal Lambs From Hypothermia With Thermal Assistance

Recovery of Neonatal Lambs From Hypothermia With Thermal Assistance

A Comparison of Energy Metabolism in the New‐born Infant, Piglet and Lamb

The effect of environmental temperature during pregnancy on thermoregulation in the newborn lamb

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