Causes of discomfort in stereoscopic content: a review

Terzic, Kasim; Hansard, Miles

doi:10.48550/arxiv.1703.04574

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 167 publications

(245 reference statements)

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“…Another relevant extension of this work is to develop and validate objective ways to assess visual discomfort, e.g., using optometric instruments to measure visual functions such as pupillary diameter (Lambooij et al, 2009;Szpak et al, 2019). Although objective measures of psychological phenomena are notoriously difficult to relate to subjective measures (Lambooij et al, 2010;Terzic & Hansard, 2017), and therefore hard to interpret, it may be prudent to conduct more research on how to supplement the measurement of certain subjective symptoms with objective instruments. Another important gap that is yet to be addressed is how to use questionnaire scores to identify "concerning" or "clinically significant" levels of impairment related to visual discomfort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A visual discomfort questionnaire for use in research and applied settings

Vinkers,

Kaspiris-Rousellis,

Halow

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Many people experience visual discomfort as a result of viewing visual stimuli such as stereoscopic content in novel display technologies. To prevent or mitigate its occurrence, we need to understand when and why visual discomfort occurs. However, our collective understanding of visual discomfort is hindered by the fact that there is no universally agreed definition or a standard measurement method that is both validated and useful across technologies, contexts, and populations. The present work addresses this gap by the delineation of a clear definition of visual discomfort as well as the development of a questionnaire that is valid and usable across different types of visual stimuli. We followed a rigorous questionnaire development process, including a literature review, qualitative and quantitative content validity research, and two large scale quantitative studies to assess the psychometric properties of a novel questionnaire. Results demonstrate that the 27 item visual discomfort questionnaire (VDQ) has adequate psychometric quality, such as content and structural validity. The VDQ comprises four subcomponents (sickness, vision, eye discomfort, and head discomfort), and is intended for use in research and applied settings. Further validation in different samples and studies is recommended to establish its psychometric stability across populations and contexts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A visual discomfort questionnaire for use in research and applied settings

Vinkers,

Kaspiris-Rousellis,

Halow

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Visual fatigue predictions in VR mostly reuse knowledge drawn from stereoscopic images and their perception without discomfort (Lambooij et al 2009;Terzic and Hansard 2017). Most contributions point to vergence-accommodation conflict as the main factor explaining visual fatigue with HMDs (see Sect.…”

Section: Visual Fatigue and Cybersickness Intersect Theoretically But...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A narrative review of immersive virtual reality’s ergonomics and risks at the workplace: cybersickness, visual fatigue, muscular fatigue, acute stress, and mental overload

et al. 2022

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This narrative review synthesizes and introduces 386 previous works about virtual reality-induced symptoms and effects by focusing on cybersickness, visual fatigue, muscle fatigue, acute stress, and mental overload. Usually, these VRISE are treated independently in the literature, although virtual reality is increasingly considered an option to replace PCs at the workplace, which encourages us to consider them all at once. We emphasize the context of office-like tasks in VR, gathering 57 articles meeting our inclusion/exclusion criteria. Cybersickness symptoms, influenced by fifty factors, could prevent workers from using VR. It is studied but requires more research to reach a theoretical consensus. VR can lead to more visual fatigue than other screen uses, influenced by fifteen factors, mainly due to vergence-accommodation conflicts. This side effect requires more testing and clarification on how it differs from cybersickness. VR can provoke muscle fatigue and musculoskeletal discomfort, influenced by fifteen factors, depending on tasks and interactions. VR could lead to acute stress due to technostress, task difficulty, time pressure, and public speaking. VR also potentially leads to mental overload, mainly due to task load, time pressure, and intrinsically due interaction and interface of the virtual environment. We propose a research agenda to tackle VR ergonomics and risks issues at the workplace.

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Causes of discomfort in stereoscopic content: a review

Cited by 2 publications

References 167 publications

A visual discomfort questionnaire for use in research and applied settings

A visual discomfort questionnaire for use in research and applied settings

A narrative review of immersive virtual reality’s ergonomics and risks at the workplace: cybersickness, visual fatigue, muscular fatigue, acute stress, and mental overload

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