Causes of death in hospitalized elderly patients

Nakajima, Naoya; Aiba, Miyoji; Fukuda, Yukiko; Boku, Soushin; Isonuma, Hiroshi; Tsuda, Hiroshi; Hayashida, Yasuo

doi:10.3143/geriatrics.46.71

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Pneumonia is the leading cause of death among the elderly in many countries including Japan [1,2]. The overall mortality rate ranges from 20 to 50 %, with a rate as high as 80 % reported in some studies [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Pneumonia and Its Causes In The Elderlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing Aspiration Pneumonia Among the Elderly: A Review Focused on the Impact of the Consistency of Food Substances

Sakashita

Takami

Ono

et al. 2015

Interface Oral Health Science 2014

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Aspiration pneumonia is the leading cause of death among the elderly. Modified-texture foods, i.e., foods with altered consistency, are recommended in order to maintain both normal swallowing and adequate nutrition, which is also expected to reduce aspiration pneumonia, when elderly people are suspected to suffer from disorders of eating and/or swallowing. However, it is reported that overly-restrictive diets have been provided to most residents given modified-texture diets. Furthermore, there is scant empirical evidence of the medical effectiveness of food texture-modification. Little attention has been paid to the effect of the consistency of food substances, as well as the ability of mastication, on general health. Our cross-sectional studies showed that eaters of regular foods have lower incidences of pneumonia and fever, while those eating modified-texture, i.e., softer and finer, foods have higher incidences of pneumonia and fever. In this review, the effects of interventions for prevention of aspiration pneumonia were overviewed then the impact of the consistency of food substances on the health of the elderly and the direction of further research was discussed.

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Section: Pneumonia and Its Causes In The Elderlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing Aspiration Pneumonia Among the Elderly: A Review Focused on the Impact of the Consistency of Food Substances

Sakashita

Takami

Ono

et al. 2015

Interface Oral Health Science 2014

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“…Moreover, our study did not find significant results in CRF or mental illness in those aged ≥75 years, which could be because the number of patients was relatively small. In the case of elderly patients, study results show that cancer patients often die from unpredictable causes, such as death from cardiovascular disease or infection after hospitalization [ 37 , 38 ]. Therefore, in patients aged ≥75 years, the HR for death in the LACE score 10 or higher group was not statistically significant in most comorbidity categories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction value of the LACE index to identify older adults at high risk for all-cause mortality in South Korea: a nationwide population-based study

et al. 2022

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Background As a tool to predict early hospital readmission, little is known about the association between LACE index and all-cause mortality in older adults. We aimed to validate the LACE index to predict all-cause mortality in older adults and also analyzed the LACE index outcome of all-cause mortality depending on the disease and age of the participants. Methods We used the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) cohort, a nationwide claims database of Koreans. We enrolled 7491 patients who were hospitalized at least once between 2003 and 2004, aged ≥65 years as of the year of discharge, and subsequently followed-up until 2015. We estimated the LACE index using the NHI database. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality. Furthermore, we investigated all-cause mortality according to age and underlying disease when the LACE index was ≥10 and < 10, respectively. Results In populations over 65 years of age, patients with LACE index ≥10 had significantly higher risks of all-cause mortality than in those with LACE index < 10. (HR, 1.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.35–1.54). For those patients aged 65–74 years, the HR of all-cause mortality was found to be higher in patients with LACE index≥10 than in those with LACE index < 10 in almost all the diseases except CRF and mental illnesses. And those patients aged ≥75 years, the HR of all- cause mortality was found to be higher in patients with LACE index ≥10 than in those with LACE index < 10 in the diseases of pneumonia and MACE. Conclusion This is the first study to validate the predictive power of the LACE index to identify older adults at high risk for all-cause mortality using nationwide cohort data. Our findings have policy implications for selecting or managing patients who need post-discharge management.

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“…These factors include the items concerning accidental ingestion caused by peripheral symptoms and lowering motivation due to dementia. Due to the aggravation of symptoms and the increase of respiratory complications such as accidental ingestion and pneumonia caused by aging, this factor is considered to be regarded as important [25]. It is frequently inferred that many elderly with pneumonia caused by accidental ingestion are admitted in the CDCU; because of this, "function of eating" has become a very important assessment item in the DCU.…”

Section: Assessment Items Focused In the Lcumentioning

confidence: 99%

Prioritizing Patient Assessment Data (PAD) Using the Japanese Psychiatric Nursing Assessment Classification System (PsyNACS)©

Ito¹,

Miyagawa²,

Ozawa³

et al. 2016

OJPsych

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The study identified priorities of the Patient Assessment Data (PAD) using the Japanese Psychiatric Nursing Assessment Classification System (PsyNACS©) derived from 644 psychiatric nurses' responses who were practicing in specific units: Acute Care Units (ACU), General Care Units (GCU), Long-term Care Units (LCU), physically Complicated Disease Care Units (CDCU), and Dementia Care Units (DCU). Secondary analysis of the PsyNACS© on-line survey data using four levels of "importance" was used to determine the priorities: 1) unnecessary; 2) quite important; 3) important and 4) very important. The Mean Factor Points (MFP) and the Welch's ANOVA were calculated. Psy-NACS© score of 3 or higher indicates the PAD as priority. The results showed that in the ACU PAD1, "Psychological symptom", "Stress coping", and "Mood disorder and aggression", and PAD2 "Information of adherence", and "Information of the psychiatry rehabilitation", and PAD7 "Situation of the family and social life", "Relationship to the health care providers", and "Relationships with others" are high priority (high importance). Other PADs showed results below PsyNACS© score of 3. The GCU had PAD 3 "Balance of water", the LCU had PAD 4 "Intention/Point of view", and "Thoughts of the patient" and PAD 7 "Disease and family". The CDCU showed PAD 2 "Blood test", PAD 3 "Excretion situation", and PAD 5 "General health condition", "Respiratory and chest symp-* Corresponding author. H. Ito et al. 219tom", and "Vital signs", and the DCU had PAD 1 "Cognition function", and "Delirium and derangement capacity to register failure", PAD 3 "Function of eating", PAD 6 "Egestion and cleanliness" and PAD 8 "Activity and sleeping", and "Mobility capability". These classifications indicated levels of importance in the CAD comprising the PAD below the score of "2". Japanese psychiatric hospitals specify assessments according to functional areas. By prioritizing the CAD for each PAD, more effective and efficient assessments can be performed according to practice unit.

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Causes of death in hospitalized elderly patients

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Preventing Aspiration Pneumonia Among the Elderly: A Review Focused on the Impact of the Consistency of Food Substances

Preventing Aspiration Pneumonia Among the Elderly: A Review Focused on the Impact of the Consistency of Food Substances

Prediction value of the LACE index to identify older adults at high risk for all-cause mortality in South Korea: a nationwide population-based study

Prioritizing Patient Assessment Data (PAD) Using the Japanese Psychiatric Nursing Assessment Classification System (PsyNACS)©

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Causes of death in hospitalized elderly patients

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Preventing Aspiration Pneumonia Among the Elderly: A Review Focused on the Impact of the Consistency of Food Substances

Preventing Aspiration Pneumonia Among the Elderly: A Review Focused on the Impact of the Consistency of Food Substances

Prediction value of the LACE index to identify older adults at high risk for all-cause mortality in South Korea: a nationwide population-based study

Prioritizing Patient Assessment Data (PAD) Using the Japanese Psychiatric Nursing Assessment Classification System (PsyNACS)&#169;

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Prioritizing Patient Assessment Data (PAD) Using the Japanese Psychiatric Nursing Assessment Classification System (PsyNACS)©