Causes of Death in Geriatric Patients A Cross-Cultural Study

Klima, Marcella; Povýšil, C; Teasdale, Thomas A.

doi:10.1093/gerona/52a.4.m247

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Our data does not support this view since a primary cause of death was determined in all demented and non‐demented cases. Our findings are in agreement with prior research suggesting that dementia is an underlying but not a primary cause of death (7, 17, 18).…”

Section: Commentssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Comparison of causes of death among data obtained from a longitudinal screening program, death certificates completed by attending physicians or by doctor‐coroners and necropsy reports shows large deviations in causes of death ranging from −91.6% to +74.8% (6). Similar discrepancies have also been reported by others resulting in an increased interest in geriatric autopsy studies (7).…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

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Immediate causes of death of demented and non-demented elderly

Kammoun¹,

Gold²,

Bouras³

et al. 2000

Acta Neurologica Scandinavica

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Objective– To investigate the immediate causes of death, in autopsied demented and non‐demented elderly. Design– Retrospective clinicopathologic correlations. Setting– Acute and intermediate care geriatric hospital. Participants– 342 hospitalized demented and non‐demented elderly (mean age 84.94±6.9 years) who underwent consecutive post‐mortem examinations: 120 demented patients with either vascular dementia (VaD, n=34), mixed dementia (MD, n=65) or Alzheimer's disease (AD, n=21) neuropathologically confirmed and 222 non‐demented elderly. Results– Primary causes of death were similar in both demented and non‐demented patients; the commonest were cardiovascular disease and bronchopneumonia. Cardiac causes of death and especially cardiac failure were more frequent in VaD than in AD or MD (respectively P=0.027 and 0.005). Dementia was an underlying but never a primary cause of death. Conclusions– Immediate causes of death are similar in elderly demented and non‐demented patients.

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Section: Commentssupporting

confidence: 93%

supporting

confidence: 88%

Immediate causes of death of demented and non-demented elderly

Kammoun¹,

Gold²,

Bouras³

et al. 2000

Acta Neurologica Scandinavica

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“…Accordingly, healthcare expenditure is increasing, which becomes a socio-economic issue 2 . Morbidity and mortality by infectious diseases are high in the elderly 3 , where natural defence systems including immune functions are compromised, which give a primary cause of increase in disease risks 4 , 5 . Nutritional status decreases in the elderly, especially in hospitalised and enterally fed elderly 6 , 7 , which also causes dysregulation of the immune system 8 , 9 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of nutritional status and incidence of infection in hospitalised, enterally fed elderly by feeding of fermented milk containing probioticLactobacillus johnsoniiLa1 (NCC533)

Fukushima

Miyaguchi

Yamano³

et al. 2007

Br J Nutr

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Probiotics have potential to improve host immunity; however, there is less evidence showing their efficacy against infections and nutritional status in the elderly. We conducted a double-blinded feeding trial in the elderly to elucidate the effect of fermented milk containing Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 (LC1 w ) on infections and nutritional status. Twenty-four completely enterally fed elderly in-patients aged over 70 years were randomly assigned into two groups. All subjects were administered 3768 kJ (900 kcal)/d of total enteral nutrition (EN) through tube feeding for 12 weeks. Subjects in the LC1 group were administered 373 kJ (89 kcal)/d of LC1 fermented milk after feeding of 3395 kJ (811 kcal)/d of EN for 12 weeks. In the control group, 373 kJ/d of the same EN was replaced from the fermented milk. In the LC1 group, the percentage of days with infections during the run-in observation period was 15·4 (SD 17·3) %, which significantly decreased to 5·7 (SD 8·1) % during the intervention period (P¼ 0·018), and the reduction was larger than that of the control group (P¼ 0·047). Blood Hb increased (P, 0·05), and there was a tendency towards an increase in serum albumin and a decrease in TNF-a (a pro-inflammatory cytokine) in the LC1 group. There was a trend towards an increase in blood phagocytic activity (a natural immunity marker) in the subjects whose initial level was low in the LC1 group. There were no changes in those parameters in the control group. Administration of fermented milk containing the probiotic L. johnsonii La1 may contribute to suppressing infections by improving nutritional and immunological status in the elderly.

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“…It has been difficult to document Katzman's assertion for the very reason he cited, i.e., that AD is frequently not listed on death certificates as a cause of death. It has been noted that, in general, death certificate data for older people are misleading because diagnoses are not definitive, and listed causes of death in older people are often both nonspecific 2 and inaccurate 3 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%