“…The difference was not statistically significant; because of the small number of patients, real differences might have been missed. Ischemic heart disease is the DiAiiiits CARE, VOLUME 19, NUMBER 6, JUNE 1996 dominant factor for high mortality in patients with diabetic nephropathy both before and during the dialysis period (1,27), and smoking is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (28,29). In summary, it can be concluded that diabetic smokers on hemodialysis have a higher risk of an earlier death probably because of cardiovascular events than do nonsmoking control subjects.…”