Causes of Death among Persons Affected by Leprosy in Korea, 2010–2013

Ahn, Young-Hwan; Park, Hyung-Cheol; Kweon, Sun‐Seog

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.19-0401

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…The all-cause mortality of 1359 (2010–2013) was significantly lower than that in the general population, corresponding to an SMR (Standard Mortality Ratio) of 0.84 (95% CI (Confidential Interval) 0.79–0.88). Malignancy (due to liver cancer) had the highest standardized mortality, with 130.9 deaths per 100,000 persons (40.0 deaths), followed by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs; 85.5 deaths) and respiratory diseases (38.2 deaths) [ 20 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Sulfone (DDS) as an Inflammasome Competitor

Lee

Sohn

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The aim of this study is to examine the use of an inflammasome competitor as a preventative agent. Coronaviruses have zoonotic potential due to the adaptability of their S protein to bind receptors of other species, most notably demonstrated by SARS-CoV. The binding of SARS-CoV-2 to TLR (Toll-like receptor) causes the release of pro-IL-1β, which is cleaved by caspase-1, followed by the formation and activation of the inflammasome, which is a mediator of lung inflammation, fever, and fibrosis. The NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3) inflammasome is implicated in a variety of human diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), prion diseases, type 2 diabetes, and numerous infectious diseases. By examining the use of 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) in the treatment of patients with Hansen’s disease, also diagnosed as Alzheimer’s disease, this study demonstrates the diverse mechanisms involved in the activation of inflammasomes. TLRs, due to genetic polymorphisms, can alter the immune response to a wide variety of microbial ligands, including viruses. In particular, TLR2Arg677Trp was reported to be exclusively present in Korean patients with lepromatous leprosy (LL). Previously, mutation of the intracellular domain of TLR2 has demonstrated its role in determining the susceptibility to LL, though LL was successfully treated using a combination of DDS with rifampicin and clofazimine. Of the three tested antibiotics, DDS was effective in the molecular regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activators that are important in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and AD. The specific targeting of NLRP3 itself or up-/downstream factors of the NLRP3 inflammasome by DDS may be responsible for its observed preventive effects, functioning as a competitor.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Sulfone (DDS) as an Inflammasome Competitor

Lee

Sohn

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…We have also analyzed infectious respiratory diseases of HD at Sorokdo National Hospital 11 DDS initially approved for leprosy, has potent antimicrobial effects, even at a small dose 13 . The present study suggests that DDS is also a neuro-in ammasome competitor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Preventive and Treatment of the Neuro-Inflammasome in Sorokdo National Hospital

Lee

Lee²,

Park

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Aim/Background: This study investigated patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) treated with 4,4’-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) as a neuro-inflammasome competitor. Method: The Seoul study analyzed AD, and anti-AD drugs (AADs) in the Sorokdo National Hospital's EDI database archived from January 2005 to June 2020 through the ICD-9 and -10 codes. Result: DDS acts as a neuro-inflammasome competitor; this effect can be inferred by comparing the prevalence of AD in patients who have been prescribed DDS and those who have not. Conclusion: This study suggests the use of neuro-inflammasome therapy as a preventive and therapeutic method for AD.

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