Causes of Cancer and Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis

Tarin, David

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-97393-3_9

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 233 publications

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“…The liver performs a variety of functions, such as blood transportation via the hepatic artery and portal vein, filtration of intestinal infectious agents, and excretion of harmful substances, and is therefore exposed to numerous foreign antigens. 27 , 28 The hepatic reticulo-endothelial system is comprised of sinusoids, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), and Kupffer cells, which present antigens to innate T-cells. This system induces an immunological reaction that is tolerogenic in healthy individuals.…”

Section: Immune Microenvironment Of Hccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment Options for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Immunotherapy: Present and Future

Wei,

Dong,

2024

J Clin Transl Hepatol

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer, and the body’s immune responses greatly affect its progression and the prognosis of patients. Immunological suppression and the maintenance of self-tolerance in the tumor microenvironment are essential responses, and these form part of the theoretical foundations of immunotherapy. In this review, we first discuss the tumor microenvironment of HCC, describe immunosuppression in HCC, and review the major biomarkers used to track HCC progression and response to treatment. We then examine antibody-based therapies, with a focus on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), monoclonal antibodies that target key proteins in the immune response (programmed cell death protein 1, anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4, and programmed death-ligand 1) which have transformed the treatment of HCC and other cancers. ICIs may be used alone or in conjunction with various targeted therapies for patients with advanced HCC who are receiving first-line treatments or subsequent treatments. We also discuss the use of different cellular immunotherapies, including T cell receptor (TCR) T cell therapy and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. We then review the use of HCC vaccines, adjuvant immunotherapy, and oncolytic virotherapy, and describe the goals of future research in the development of treatments for HCC.

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Section: Immune Microenvironment Of Hccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment Options for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Immunotherapy: Present and Future

Wei,

Dong,

2024

J Clin Transl Hepatol

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“…The impact of the large tumor antigen from this polyomavirus on cell cycle regulation can lead to cellular transformation by interfering with the functions of tumor suppressor p53 and the pRB family [4]. Various studies have highlighted the undeniable involvement of the human polyomavirus in the development of several types of cancer like Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), brain tumors, kidney cancer, urothelial carcinoma and prostate cancer [5,6,7,8]. The Polyomaviridae family, which includes the human BK virus (BKV), JC virus (JCV), and simian virus (SV40) along with human papillomaviruses (HPV), are frequently encountered pathogens in the urinary tract and they are often linked to the development of urinary tract malignancies like prostate cancer [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of JC and BK viruses among prostate cancer patients in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf province

Kadhum,

Mezher

2024

BIO Web Conf.

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A total of 74 clinical samples Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) were collected from patients diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) aged between 41 and 90 years and these samples were obtained from patients treated at notable medical institutions like Al-Sadr Medical City and leading clinical laboratories in Al-Najaf City, Iraq, during the period of January to December 2023. Prostate cancer is considered a common malignant tumor in males, and studies are still investigating the possible relationship of the appearance of this disease with other factors, including viral infections, which were investigated in the current study in search of possible links between the presence of human BK oncolytic viruses (BKV). The JC (JCV) and the emergence of this disease. The current study indicated the potential role of the JCV virus in provoking prostatitis, which may lead to the emergence and development of prostate cancer in males compared to males who do not suffer from viral infection. The present study showed the absence of BKV virus DNA in prostate cancer tissue samples compared to the presence of JCV virus DNA, as the percentage of positive samples reached (11, 14.864%) compared to negative samples (63, 85.135%).

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Causes of Cancer and Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis

Cited by 2 publications

References 233 publications

Treatment Options for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Immunotherapy: Present and Future

Treatment Options for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Immunotherapy: Present and Future

The prevalence of JC and BK viruses among prostate cancer patients in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf province

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