Causes of Blindness in Southwestern Nigeria: A General Hospital Clinic Study

Oluleye, Tunji S; Ajaiyeoba, AI; Akinwale, Mukaila; Olusanya, Bolutife

doi:10.1177/112067210601600416

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Similar findings in the distribution of the blinding causes among the age groups of the 5 th and 6 th decades of life were also seen in southern and western Nigeria. [56]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in Ibadan found optic atrophy, 21 (4%) apart from cataract (36%) and glaucoma 138 (29%), to be one of the leading causes of bilateral blindness. [6]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[10] Furthermore, posterior segment diseases were seen to be less common in this study as well as in the other studies including a community-based study in Atakunmosa. [567810] However, one community-based study in the same region showed that posterior segment disorders constituted one of the major causes of bilateral blindness and low vision. [11] This may suggest that posterior segment disorders may be becoming more prevalent unlike before.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blindness and visual impairment among adults in a Tertiary Eye Clinic, in Osogbo S W Nigeria

Isawumi¹,

Ubah²,

Olomola³

et al. 2014

Ann Med Health Sci Res

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Background:To plan and implement appropriate management of patients with blindness and visual impairment (VI) requires the knowledge of the common presenting causes.Aim:The aim of the following study is to determine the common causes of VI in adults and develop a template for eye care delivery.Materials and Methods:A retrospective descriptive analysis of subjects aged 17 years and above who attended LAUTECH Teaching Hospital eye clinic between October 2012 and March 2013. Information on demographic data, visual acuity, anterior and posterior segment examinations, and refraction were obtained from patients’ records. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16. 2, USA was used for descriptive analysis. Chi-square, P values and confidence intervals (CI) were derived for statistical significance.Results:A total of 617 cases were reviewed including 306/617 (49.6%) males and 311/617 (50.4%) females. The frequently occurring age-groups were the 51-60 year 120/617 (19.4%) and the 61-70 year 115/617 (18.6%). The common causes of blindness and VI were cataract 225/617 (36.5%, CI: 32.7-40.3), glaucoma 124/617 (20.1%, CI: 16.93-23.25), refractive errors 119/617 (19.3%, CI: 16.17-22.4); trauma and cornea opacities 14/617 (6.1%) each. Refractive error 6/176 (3.4%) was a significant cause of blindness in this study. χ2 = 33.68, P < 0.001. More females presented with refractive errors 79/311 (66.4%), while more males presented with trauma 32/306 (78.0%). χ2 = 186.47, P < 0.001.Conclusions:The common causes of VI are avoidable. Planning for best practice methods, purchase of equipment/instruments, consumables, drugs, and manpower development is required. Establishment of low-cost cataract surgical and refractive services could reduce their incidence.

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“…Similar findings in the distribution of the blinding causes among the age groups of the 5 th and 6 th decades of life were also seen in southern and western Nigeria. [56]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in Ibadan found optic atrophy, 21 (4%) apart from cataract (36%) and glaucoma 138 (29%), to be one of the leading causes of bilateral blindness. [6]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blindness and visual impairment among adults in a Tertiary Eye Clinic, in Osogbo S W Nigeria

Isawumi¹,

Ubah²,

Olomola³

et al. 2014

Ann Med Health Sci Res

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“…The number of blind people in Nigeria aged 40 years and over is about 1.13 million, with 150,000 being blind because of glaucoma nationwide 5. In a study performed in a general hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria, 29% of those with bilateral blindness suffered from glaucoma 11. In a community-based study of rural patients in the same area of southwestern Nigeria, glaucoma accounted for 21.1% of eye problems, and was also responsible for a third of cases of blindness 6…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic burden of glaucoma in Rivers State, Nigeria

Adio¹,

Onua²

2012

OPTH

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BackgroundPrimary open angle glaucoma is reported to blind 150,000 people in the Nigerian population and over 7000 in Rivers State, and requires constant follow-up. Compliance is a challenge, given that most inhabitants live below the poverty line. This study was performed to determine how Nigerian patients are affected economically by the disease.MethodsConsecutive adult patients attending the eye clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria, with a diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma and on outpatient antiglaucoma treatment in the first 6 months of 2006, were recruited for the study. The lowest paid government worker was on USD50 (N7500.00) per month and the gross domestic product per capita was USD1150 for the period under review.ResultsWe enrolled 120 consecutive patients of mean age 52.7 ± 10.4 years, with a male to female ratio of 2:3. The most common occupations were in the civil service (n = 56, 46.7%). All participants were on topical antiglaucoma treatment. The average cost of medical antiglaucoma medication was N6000 (USD40) per month. Computed to include indirect costs, including medical laboratory tests, transportation, and care by patient escorts, an average sum of USD105.4 (N15,810) was spent by each patient per month. Most of the patients (73.3%) were responsible for their own treatment costs. No patient accepted the cheaper option of surgery (USD275.4, N41,310). Eighty of the patients (66.7%) visited our eye clinic monthly. Direct and indirect loss to the economy was USD3,064587 per annum from those already blind. This was in addition to the USD 4.1 million being spent yearly on medical treatment by those who were visually impaired by glaucoma.ConclusionMiddle-income earners spent over 50% of their monthly income and low-income earners spend all their monthly earnings on treatment for glaucoma. This situation often resulted in noncompliance with treatment and hospital follow-up visits. To reduce the economic burden of glaucoma, trabeculectomy performed by experienced surgeons should be offered as first-line treatment for glaucoma in this country, rather than medical therapy.

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“…[3][4][5] It may also be the presentation of life-threatening conditions such as intracranial mass lesions (e.g. intracranial aneurysms).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonglaucomatous optic atrophy in Benin City

Osaguona

Okeigbemen

2015

Ann Afr Med

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Causes of Blindness in Southwestern Nigeria: A General Hospital Clinic Study

Abstract: Cataract and glaucoma are the main causes of bilateral and uniocular blindness in the study area.

Cited by 22 publications

References 1 publication

Blindness and visual impairment among adults in a Tertiary Eye Clinic, in Osogbo S W Nigeria

Blindness and visual impairment among adults in a Tertiary Eye Clinic, in Osogbo S W Nigeria

Economic burden of glaucoma in Rivers State, Nigeria

Nonglaucomatous optic atrophy in Benin City

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