Causes, Mechanisms and Prevention of Environmental Diseases

Zeliger, Harold I.

doi:10.21767/2472-5048.100001

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 253 publications

(325 reference statements)

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“…Optimum ROS levels are beneficial, which is maintained by built-in antioxidant enzymes [51]. However, overeating [52], high fat diet [53] and exposure to stressful environment produce extraneous ROS, which favors an oxidative balance [54][55][56]. Chronic exposure to environmental chemicals, including persistent organic pollutants, volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds, radiation, pathogens, allergens, and psychological stress, generates extraneous ROS leading to GCX disruption [57] (Figure 1).…”

Section: Food and Environmental Pollutants Producementioning

confidence: 99%

Curative and Preventive Treatment for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Targeting Multiple Etiology

Tunac¹

2021

CCR

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Gene deficient or knockout (KO) mice and rabbits are models of atherosclerosis focusing on cholesterol plaques, which do not reflect the complex etiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Inhibiting the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutarylcoenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase or the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) reduce cholesterol levels but not the rate of CVD. Moreover, the one-drug-one-gene paradigm particularly targeting any one of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which represent the largest protein family encoded by the human genome, has at best produced palliative treatment. Vascular diseases including CVD are caused by extraneous (xeno) factors, which are of multifactorial etiology consisting of upstream and downstream phases. The upstream phase is the physical breach of the cells protective glycocalyx (GCX) shield by chemical and biological pollutants, resulting in a sequela of cell damages (plexic) that is manifested downstream in the form of diseases, herein called xenoplexic diseases. Xenoplexic disease is an etiologic description while chronic disease is symptom-centric. This study treated a natural mouse with extraneous agents, which produced plaques and plaque reduction was the end point to evaluate the curative and/or preventive treatment effect of the 3-component compound therapy. Histopathology monitored the presence of plaque, and a 4-panel biomarker, based on GCX disruption, was subsequently developed as a surrogate to monitor plaque formation. Of the several 3-NCE combos tested 4 combos were found to be preventive and curative of plaques indicating the effectiveness of a combo platform therapy. One combo is chosen as the lead candidate and hereby designated as Embotricin TM .

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Section: Food and Environmental Pollutants Producementioning

confidence: 99%

Curative and Preventive Treatment for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Targeting Multiple Etiology

Tunac¹

2021

CCR

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“…The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) is the trigger of noncommunicable environmental disease (Zeliger, 2015). ROS and RNS damage biological molecules, in vivo via oxidative stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Procavia capensis hyraceum used in traditional medicine for antioxidant activity

Magama¹,

Rantsâ€TMo²,

Asita³

et al. 2018

J. Med. Plants Res.

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Hyraceum (HM) used in traditional medicine in Southern Africa is produced by the herbivore Procavia capensis. It is fossilized excreta derived from urine, faecal matter and plant material. In this study, qualitative phytochemical screening, determination of in vitro antioxidant activity using 1, 1-Diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging methods, and determination of the total phenolic content in crude methanolic (95%) extract were done. Phytochemical screening detected the major phytochemical classes in the hyraceum extract as terpenoids, saponins, polyphenols, quinones, phlobatannins and coumarins with minor components as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, simple phenols, anthocyanins, anthraquinones and amino acids. Total phenolics content was 37.339 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram dry weight (mgGAE/g DW). Effective concentration at 50% (EC 50 ) for HM and L-ascorbic (AA) in DPPH assay was 5.983 and 0.429 µg/ml, respectively while in H 2 O 2 scavenging assay, EC 50 was 5.059 and 1.666 µg/ml, respectively. The antioxidant activity of HM could have been due to the various phenolic and terpenoid antioxidants in the HM. The findings implied that HM was slightly stronger at scavenging H 2 O 2 than at scavenging DPPH. Bioactive compounds in HM could potentially be exploited in further studies as potential antioxidants of therapeutic value.

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Analysis of 19 urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress, nitrative stress, metabolic disorders, and inflammation using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Martinez-Moral

2022

Anal Bioanal Chem

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Graphical abstract Environmental chemical exposures have been associated with cancer, diabetes, hormonal and immunological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Some direct effects of chemical exposure that are precursors to adverse health outcomes, including oxidative stress, nitrative stress, hormonal imbalance, neutrophilia, and eosinophilia, can be assessed through the analysis of biomarkers in urine. In this study, we describe a novel methodology for the determination of 19 biomarkers of health effects: malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-isoprostaglandin-F 2α (8-PGF 2α ), 11-β-prostaglandin-F 2α (11-PGF 2α ), 15-prostaglandin-F 2α (15-PGF 2α ), 8-iso-15-prostaglandin-F 2α (8,15-PGF 2α ), 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-HdG), 8-hydroxyguanine (8-HG), dityrosine (diY), allantoin (Alla), and two metabolic products of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), namely 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal glutathione (HNE-GSH) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal mercapturic acid (HNE-MA) (in total, 12 oxidative stress biomarkers, OSBs); 8-nitroguanosine (8-NdG), 8-nitroguanine (8-NG), and 3-nitrotyrosine (NY) (3 nitrative stress biomarkers, NSBs); chlorotyrosine (CY) and bromotyrosine (BY) (2 inflammatory biomarkers); and the advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) N ε -carboxymethyllysine (CML) and N ε -carboxyethyllysine (CEL) (2 metabolic disorder biomarkers). Since these biomarkers are trigged by a variety of environmental insults and produced by different biomolecular pathways, their selective and sensitive determination in urine would help broadly elucidate the pathogenesis of diseases mediated by environmental factors.

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Causes, Mechanisms and Prevention of Environmental Diseases

Cited by 3 publications

References 253 publications

Curative and Preventive Treatment for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Targeting Multiple Etiology

Curative and Preventive Treatment for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Targeting Multiple Etiology

Evaluation of Procavia capensis hyraceum used in traditional medicine for antioxidant activity

Analysis of 19 urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress, nitrative stress, metabolic disorders, and inflammation using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

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