Causes and Rates of Mortality of Swift Foxes in Western Kansas

Sovada, Marsha A.; Roy, Christiane C.; Bright, Julie; Gillis, James R.

doi:10.2307/3801994

Cited by 88 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…There is no shortage of research showing that predation, mainly from coyotes, is one of the major sources of mortality within swift fox populations Covell 1992;Carbyn et al 1993;Fitzgerald et al 4 ; Sovada et al 1998;Kitchen et al 1999); our results provide further corroboration. However, the annual survival rates in our study appear to be some of the highest reported in the literature Covell 1992;Sovada et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

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Population ecology of swift foxes (Vulpes velox) in southeastern Colorado

Schauster¹,

Gese²,

Kitchen³

2002

Can. J. Zool.

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Swift foxes (Vulpes velox) were once distributed across most of the shortgrass prairie of North America. The arrival of settlers and the concurrent loss of habitat, trapping, incidental poisoning, and shooting brought about a decline in its numbers until the swift fox remained only in the southern part of its historic range. A current understanding of swift fox population ecology is important to management and conservation efforts. We examined the population ecology of swift foxes on a native shortgrass prairie ecosystem in southeastern Colorado. From January 1997 to December 1998 we investigated home-range size and space use, spatial overlap, dispersal patterns, survival rates, and reproduction using a sample of 90 (42 males, 48 females) radio-collared foxes. Home ranges were largest (9.4 ± 4.9 km 2 ) and spatial overlap was greatest using nighttime locations when foxes were active, while daytime locations indicated that the use of dens was exclusive among social units, and space use (2.8 ± 2.2 km 2 ) was reduced during the day. Among resident foxes, survival rates were higher for adults than for juveniles. For dispersing foxes, adults that dispersed had higher survival rates than juvenile dispersers. Social units ranged in size from 2 to 4 foxes. About 58% of the social units produced pups; litter size averaged 2.4 pups at den emergence. Among the surviving pup cohort, some pups were philopatric, some dispersed long distances, while others dispersed to neighboring territories. Swift fox density was negatively associated with both coyote (Canis latrans) and lagomorph abundance but positively correlated with rodent abundance.Résumé : L'aire de répartition du renard véloce (Vulpes velox) s'étendait jadis à toute la prairie à herbes courtes de l'Amérique du Nord. L'arrivée des colons et, en conséquence, la perte d'habitats, le trappage, les empoisonnements accidentels et la chasse, ont réduit les densités du renard au point où il ne survit plus que dans la partie sud de son aire traditionnelle. Pour des fins de gestion et de conservation, il importe de connaître l'écologie actuelle de l'espèce. Nous avons donc étudié l'écologie d'une population d'un écosystème naturel de prairie à herbes courtes du sud-est du Colorado. Un échantillon de 90 (42 males : 48 femelles) renards munis de colliers radio-émetteurs nous a permis, de janvier 1997 à décembre 1998, de déterminer la taille du domaine vital, l'utilisation de l'espace, les chevauchements spatiaux, les patterns de dispersion, les taux de survie et la reproduction. La taille des domaines (9,4 ± 4,9 km 2 ) et les recouvrements de domaines étaient aximaux lorsque calculés à partir des repérages de nuit au moment où les renards étaient actifs; les repérages de jour indiquaient que l'utilisation des terriers était réservée exclusivement à chacun des groupes sociaux et que l'utilisation de l'espace (2,8 ± 2,2 km 2 ) était réduite durant le jour. Chez les renards résidants, les taux de survie étaient plus élevés chez les adultes que chez les jeunes. Les adultes...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…However, the annual survival rates in our study appear to be some of the highest reported in the literature Covell 1992;Sovada et al 1998). Perhaps improved environmental conditions on the PCMS have elevated fox survival rates since the earlier swift fox research was conducted.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 41%

Population ecology of swift foxes (Vulpes velox) in southeastern Colorado

Schauster¹,

Gese²,

Kitchen³

2002

Can. J. Zool.

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“…Coyotes (Canis latrans) are medium-sized canids that occupy most habitats and regions of North America and are sympatric with swift foxes. Predation by coyotes is a leading cause of mortality in many swift fox populations (Covell, 1992;Sovada et al, 1998;Schauster et al, 2002). Resource partitioning between these two species has been documented to be intense, with coyotes possibly influencing the abundance and distribution of swift foxes across local landscapes (Kitchen et al, 1999;Kamler, 2002;Schauster et al, 2002;Karki, 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serologic Survey for Canine Infectious Diseases among Sympatric Swift Foxes (Vulpes velox) and Coyotes (Canis latrans) in Southeastern Colorado

Gese

Karki

Klavetter

et al. 2004

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Swift foxes (Vulpes velox) and coyotes (Canis latrans) are sympatric canids distributed throughout many regions of the Great Plains of North America. The prevalence of canid diseases among these two species where they occur sympatrically is presently unknown. From January 1997 to January 2001, we collected blood samples from 89 swift foxes and 122 coyotes on the US Army Piñ on Canyon Maneuver Site, Las Animas County, SE Colorado (USA). Seroprevalence of antibodies against canine parvovirus (CPV) was 71% for adult (Ͼ9 mo old) and 38% for juvenile (Յ9 mo old) swift foxes. Adult (Ն1 yr old) and juvenile (Ͻ1 yr old) coyotes had a seroprevalence for CPV of 96% and 78%, respectively. Presence of antibodies against canine distemper virus (CDV) was 5% for adult foxes and 0% for juvenile foxes. Seroprevalence of CDV was 46% for adult coyotes and 18% for juvenile coyotes. No swift foxes had canine adenovirus (CAV) antibodies, whereas 81% and 63% of adult and juvenile coyotes, respectively, had antibodies for CAV. Seroprevalence of antibodies against Yersinia pestis was 68% among adult foxes and 34% among juvenile swift foxes. Seroprevalence of Y. pestis antibodies was 90% and 70% for adult and juvenile coyotes, respectively. No swift foxes had antibodies against Francisella tularensis, whereas seroprevalence was 4% among both adult and juvenile coyotes. Antibodies against CPV and plague were common in both species, whereas antibodies against CDV and CAV were more prevalent in coyotes compared to swift foxes.

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“…Although counterintuitive to conventional competition theory, increases in food resources (prey availability) can actually increase intraguild predation by supporting increased populations of the superior competitor. Parallel circumstances have been described for other threatened or endangered carnivores elsewhere (e.g., Coyote predation on Swift Foxes (Vulpes macrotis) (Sovada et al 1998), Coyote predation on San Joaquin Kit Foxes (Vulpes macrotis) (Ralls and White 1995;White and Garrott 1997;Cypher and Spencer 1998), and Lion (Panthera leo) and Spotted Hyena (Crocuta croenta) predation on African Wild Dogs (Lycaon pictus) (Creel 2001;Creel et al 2001)). African Wild Dog densities are actually lowest where density of their major prey is highest, due to intraspecific predation (Mills and Gorman 1997) Changes in prey availability clearly affect densities of carnivores, improving demographic performance (i.e., increased reproductive output and survival (Fuller and Sievert 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Record of the Southern Red-Backed Vole, <em>Clethrionomys gapperi</em>, in Newfoundland: Implications for the Endangered Newfoundland Marten, <em>Martes americana atrata</em>

et al. 2006

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We report on the first capture of the Southern Red-backed Vole (Clethrionomys gapperi), the eleventh non-native terrestrial mammal established on the island of Newfoundland over the last 150 years. Red-backed Voles may have been accidentally introduced by unknown sources in pulpwood imports or may have been deliberately introduced in an attempt to augment the depauperate small mammal fauna as a vigilante recovery effort for the endangered Newfoundland Marten (Martes americana atrata). We anticipate significant utilization of the Red-backed Vole as prey by both Newfoundland Marten and Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) with associated demographic responses within and between these species. Red-backed Voles will likely change habitat utilization patterns for the endemic subspecies of Meadow Vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus terraenovae.

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Causes and Rates of Mortality of Swift Foxes in Western Kansas

Cited by 88 publications

References 0 publications

Population ecology of swift foxes (Vulpes velox) in southeastern Colorado

Population ecology of swift foxes (Vulpes velox) in southeastern Colorado

Serologic Survey for Canine Infectious Diseases among Sympatric Swift Foxes (Vulpes velox) and Coyotes (Canis latrans) in Southeastern Colorado

First Record of the Southern Red-Backed Vole, <em>Clethrionomys gapperi</em>, in Newfoundland: Implications for the Endangered Newfoundland Marten, <em>Martes americana atrata</em>

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