Causes and Mechanisms of Global Warming/Climate Change

Abstract

Comparison of the average mean surface air temperature around the world during 1951–1978 with that for 2010–2019 shows that the bulk of the warming is around the North Atlantic/Arctic region in contrast to the Antarctic ice sheet. Obviously, the temperature change is not global. Since there is a substantial difference between solar heat absorption between the equator and the poles, heat must be moving to the North Pole by surface ocean currents and tropical cyclones. The cold, dry Arctic air coming from Siberia picks up heat and moisture from the open oceans, making the sea water denser so that the warm water sinks slowly down to c. 2000 m. A deep-water thermohaline flow (THC) transports the excess hot (c. 18°C) water south to Antarctica. It is replaced by a cold (c. 2°C) surface water from that area. The latter quickly cool western Europe and Siberia, and glaciers start to advance in Greenland within about 10 years. The THC flow decreases in Interglacials, causing the increased build-up of heat in the Northern Hemisphere (c. 60% currently stored in the Atlantic Ocean), and the ice cover in the Arctic Ocean thaws. Several such cycles may take place during a single major cold event.

Precision Prediction for Dengue Fever in Singapore: A Machine Learning Approach Incorporating Meteorological Data

“…For instance, Takuya Iwamura et al [ 20 ] indicated that weather conditions could influence the life cycle of Aedes mosquitos, the primary vector for DF. In particular, elevated solar radiation, temperature, and UV index could either speed up the mosquito’s development or increase its breeding rates [ 21 ]. The delayed effect alluded to in our findings might be due to a time lag between the change in meteorological conditions and observable effects on the mosquito populations and, subsequently, dengue transmission [ 22 ].…”

Comparison of Recently Proposed Causes of Climate Change

“…In the southern hemisphere, the ice cap is circular apart from the Falkland Islands archipelago, so the heat cannot be transported there, whereas the Atlantic Ocean provides a pathway for the Gulf Stream to warm the surrounding lands. Since the Earth rotates from east to west, the air masses move at varying speeds eastward in the form of waves (Rossby Waves) with fronts where warm and cold air interact, producing precipitation [13]. The Kuroshio current in the North Pacific Ocean is similar except that it is deflected westward when colliding with the cold glacial meltwater coming from the Wrangell-St. Elias Range of South Alaska.…”

The impacts of climate change on water resources and its effect on food security in Nigeria

“…Heavy rain events can wash pollutants into rivers and lakes, further degrading the quality of the water. This can lead to increased levels of harmful chemicals, such as pesticides and fertilizers, in the water [19]. 3.…”

“…The effects of climate change on water resources are complex and can be difficult to predict, but it is clear that climate change poses a significant risk to the availability and quality of water resources [19].…”