Causes and consequences of family dissolution in Europe and post-divorce families

Mortelmans, Dimitri

doi:10.4337/9781788975544.00024

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…lower education, unstable employment, illness) are more likely to 'deviate' from the normative lifecourse by becoming divorced or separated. This is supported by studies showing that men's wages were already falling prior to divorce (Killewald and Lundberg, 2017) and that unemployment (Solaz et al, 2020), low education (Härkönen and Dronkers, 2006) and poor health (Mortelmans, 2021) increase men's risk of becoming divorced. In this context, research on the intergenerational transmission of divorce must be mentioned (Diekmann and Schmidheiny, 2013).…”

Section: Selection Into Marriage and Divorcementioning

confidence: 88%

“…Particularly in Sweden, divorced men's incomes lag behind early in the lifecourse, pointing to possible disadvantages that existed before the divorce, which then translate into lower pension incomes. Poorer health and lower education are related to a higher risk of divorce (Mortelmans, 2021) and, at the same time, negatively to earnings, as both increase the risk of unemployment and sick leave. Hence, treatment and selection effects are hard to disentangle (Jalovaara and Fasang, 2020), and we can only speculate about mechanisms.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Who receives most? Gendered consequences of divorce on public pension income in West Germany and Sweden

Schmauk,

Kridahl

2024

Ageing and Society

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Sweden and West Germany have had persistently high divorce rates in recent decades, but these two welfare states were differently equipped to mitigate the economic consequences of divorce for individual security in old age: Sweden followed a gender-equal policy approach to enable women and men to achieve economic autonomy, while West Germany, following the male-breadwinner model, introduced the system of ‘divorce-splitting’ to account for differences in women's and men's income. Against this background, this study uses large-scale register data from the German Public Pension Fund and the Swedish population registers to examine how divorce is related to the monthly public old-age pension income of women and men. The main comparison groups are divorced and (re)married individuals who entered retirement between 2013 and 2018. We descriptively show annual income histories from ages 20 to 65, and calculate monthly public old-age pension income with respect to lifetime income and pension regulations, such as the supplements/deductions for ‘divorce-splitting’. Multiple ordinary least square regression models further examine how family status relates to monthly public old-age pension income by gender. The results reveal that women and men in Sweden experience similar working histories, although women's incomes are lower. This is also reflected in women still having lower pension incomes than men. However, divorced and married women show comparable pension incomes, while divorced men receive approximately 26 per cent less pension income than married men. In West Germany, divorced women have significantly higher pension incomes than married women. The system of ‘divorce-splitting’ increases women's and decreases men's pension incomes, which seems to equalise their pension incomes. However, both stay below a married man's pension income. The findings indicate economic inequality in public old-age pension income by family status in Sweden and West Germany.

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Section: Selection Into Marriage and Divorcementioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who receives most? Gendered consequences of divorce on public pension income in West Germany and Sweden

Schmauk,

Kridahl

2024

Ageing and Society

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“…Another lack in our data was related to the negative effects of family life, for example, for people in situations of domestic abuse or work situations (eg, stress or work pressure, or unhealthy working conditions). 5 Therefore, such data could be addressed in future studies based on other samples. The large sample also enabled analyses with discordant twin pairs to examine the influence from genetic factors and early life environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 2 Also, major changes in the family situation, such as marriage, the birth of a child, which can be considered as positive events, or from the negative perspective, divorce, have implications for an individual's health and help to structure the human life course. [3][4][5] Focusing on the positive aspects of family situation that can be retrieved from national registers of family formation, previous research has found that individuals living with a partner and being in paid work are associated with better health outcomes when measured in terms of morbidity and mortality. 6 7 Marriage is deemed to offer a direct form of social and financial support and it can reduce the risk of unhealthy behaviours, such as poor diet or alcohol use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in family situation and concurrent changes in working life: a 15-year longitudinal analysis

Wang,

Svedberg,

Narusyte

et al. 2024

Fam Med Com Health

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ObjectiveCurrently, little is known regarding changes in family situation with concurrent changes in working life. This study aimed to examine whether changes in family situation (based on living with children and/or marrying/divorcing) were associated with changes in working life and whether the associations were influenced by sex, genetics and early life environment.DesignProspective cohort study.Setting and participantsData from Swedish national registers of 16 410 twins were used. Fixed-effects logistic regression models assessing ORs with 95% CIs were applied to examine associations between changes in family situation and working life controlling for time-invariant effects and adjusted for covariates, and conditional models to account for confounding of genetics and early life environment.ResultsChanges in individuals life situation from being single and living without children to married and living with children were associated with transitioning from unsustainable (ie, having unemployment or sickness absence/disability pension) to sustainable working life (men: OR 2.40, 95% CI 2.26 to 2.56; women: OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.59 to 1.78). Changes from being married to single, in contrast, attenuated the likelihood of transitioning to a sustainable working life. Moreover, changes in men’s working life seem to be more dependent on changes in family situation compared with women. Genetic factors and early life environment play a role in the associations.ConclusionsFamily formation increases the likelihood of a more stable working life whereas divorce is a risk factor for work interruptions. Our study emphasises that family formation improves the work life situation and to a higher degree for men.

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“…Besides, low parental educational level has been previously related to worse divorce consequences for children (Amato, 2000; Gähler & Palmtag, 2015; Mortelmans, 2020) and parents (Cipric et al, 2021). Nevertheless, the literature regarding the role of educational level on postdivorce intervention effects is scarce (Cipric et al, 2021).…”

Section: The Efficacy Of Postdivorce Intervention Programs For Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The efficacy of postdivorce intervention programs for children: A meta‐analytical review

et al. 2022

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Preventive postdivorce interventions aim to help children cope with divorce and promote their adjustment. Nevertheless, questions remain regarding the concrete outcomes of these interventions and the intervention characteristics that influence them. This meta‐analysis of 30 studies analyzes the efficacy of postdivorce interventions on children's symptomatology, personal resources, and adaptation to divorce. Likewise, it explores whether the intervention impacts the putative mediators from the family context and whether the characteristics of the studies themselves also influence the results. Using a data set of N = 4344 individuals, 258 effect sizes were calculated. Random effects analyses evidenced the impact of the interventions on specific variables instead of on children's global adjustment. There were no significant effects on children's mental health outcomes, and none of these effects were qualified by the moderators that were examined. Preventive postdivorce interventions had significant effects, specifically on children's divorce adjustment and self‐esteem. The study of the moderators found that the interventions were generally homogeneous, and only one of the 20 moderators examined had a significant effect. Based on children's age, the interventions had an impact on family functioning only when they involved younger children, but this result should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample of studies. This meta‐analysis provides evidence of the relevance of postdivorce interventions to critical variables as well as information about the role of the intervention characteristics in the effects and makes suggestions for future research on divorce interventions that encompass both practical and empirical developments.

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Causes and consequences of family dissolution in Europe and post-divorce families

Cited by 5 publications

References 66 publications

Who receives most? Gendered consequences of divorce on public pension income in West Germany and Sweden

Who receives most? Gendered consequences of divorce on public pension income in West Germany and Sweden

Changes in family situation and concurrent changes in working life: a 15-year longitudinal analysis

The efficacy of postdivorce intervention programs for children: A meta‐analytical review

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