Causes and consequences of extreme Permo-Triassic warming to globally equable climate and relation to the Permo-Triassic extinction and recovery

Kidder, David L.; Worsley, Thomas R.

doi:10.1016/s0031-0182(03)00667-9

Cited by 294 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…Kump (2005) proposed that upwelling of H 2 S from the deep ocean in Early Triassic time created anoxia at the surface. If upwelling occurred principally in equatorial zones, then this is consistent with the location of the SCB (and Iran and Turkey) in eastern central Tethys, where modelling by Kidder and Worsley (2004) indicates that upwelling would be focused (Fig. 5).…”

Section: C Carbon Isotopes Microbialites and Tethys Oceansupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Two published models are particularly relevant in the interpretation of isotopic change in the microbialites. Kidder and Worsley (2004) interpreted circulation patterns in Tethys Ocean, and in keeping with modern ocean processes, interpreted oceanic upwelling to have occurred along continental margins and in equatorial areas of ocean gyre divergence (Fig. 6).…”

Section: C Carbon Isotopes Microbialites and Tethys Oceanmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Correspondence of fluctuations in δ 13 C CARB between microbial structure and sediment also shows the microbial branches grew in equilibrium with seawater. Golonka, 2002), with interpreted ocean currents and sites of upwelling (u) and sinking (s) of ocean water (Kidder and Worsley, 2004). See text for discussion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-resolution carbon isotope changes in the Permian–Triassic boundary interval, Chongqing, South China; implications for control and growth of earliest Triassic microbialites

Kershaw

et al. 2009

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences

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High-resolution δ 13 C CARB analysis of the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) interval at the Laolongdong section, Beibei, near the city of Chongqing, south China, encompasses the latest Permian and earliest Triassic major facies changes in the South China Block (SCB). Microbialites form a distinctive unit in the lowermost 190 cm above the top of the Changhsing Formation (latest Permian) at Laolongdong, comparable to a range of earliest Triassic sites in low latitudes in the Tethyan area. The data show that declining values of δ 13 C CARB , well-known globally, began at the base of the microbialite. High positive values (+3-4 ppt) of δ 13 C CARB in the Late Permian are interpreted to indicate storage of 12 C in the deep waters of a stratified ocean, that was released during ocean overturn in the earliest Triassic, contributing to the distinctive fall in isotope values; this interpretation has been stated by other authors and is followed here. The δ 13 C CARB curve shows fluctuations within the microbialite unit, which are not reflected in the microbialite structure. Comparisons between microbialite branches and adjacent micritic sediment show little difference in δ 13 C CARB , demonstrating that the microbialite grew in equilibrium with surrounding seawater. The Early Triassic microbialites are interpreted to be a response to upwelling of bicarbonate-rich poorly-oxygenated water in low latitudes of Tethys ocean, consistent with current ocean models for the PTB interval. However, the decline of δ 13 C CARB may be due to a combination of processes, including productivity collapse resulting from mass extinction, return of deep water to ocean surface,

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Section: C Carbon Isotopes Microbialites and Tethys Oceansupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: C Carbon Isotopes Microbialites and Tethys Oceanmentioning

confidence: 66%

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High-resolution carbon isotope changes in the Permian–Triassic boundary interval, Chongqing, South China; implications for control and growth of earliest Triassic microbialites

Kershaw

et al. 2009

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences

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“…Studies of the paleoaltitudes of various parts of Europe during the Early Triassic (Kidder and Worsley, 2004;Peron et al, 200S;Preto et al, 2010;Roscheret al, 2011) indicate the presence of mountain belts in Central and Western Europe related to the still prominent central Variscan Belt (Bourquin et al, 2011). These paleogeographic barriers conditioned water supply in the basins of this area of the European plate that were controlled by hyper-arid to semi-arid climate in the northern and southern parts, respectively, of this mountain central belt during most of the Smithian (Ulicny, 2004;Bourquin et al, 2006Bourquin et al, , 2011.…”

Section: Paleogeography and Climate Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During this latter period and even until the early Anisian, these excursions in the carbon isotope ratios have been related to climate variations (Kidder and Worsley, 2004;Galfetti et al, 2007b), paleo ceanographic changes (Atudorei and Baud, 1997;Briihwiler et al, 2009), rare and episodic sedimentation (Woods et al, 1999;Pruss et al, 2005) and even phosphate regeneration, productivity and re lated biodiversity (Payne and Krump, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentary evolution of the continental Early–Middle Triassic Cañizar Formation (Central Spain): Implications for life recovery after the Permian–Triassic crisis

López-Gómez

Galán-Abellán

Horra

et al. 2012

Sedimentary Geology

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The Permian-Triassic transition (P-T) was marked by important geochemical perturbations and the largest known life crisis. Consequences of this event, as oxygen-depleted conditions and the unusual behavior of the carbon cycle, were prolonged during the Early Triassic interval delaying the recovery of life in both ter restrial and marine ecosystems. Studies on Lower Triassic sediments of continental origin, as in the case of Western Europe, are especially problematic due to the scarcity of fossils and absence of precise dating. The The Cafiizar Fm. has been subdivided into six members (A-F) separated by seven (1-7) major bounding surfaces (MBS). These surfaces are well recognized laterally over hundred of km and they represent 10 4 _10 5 My. MBS-5 is considered to be of late Spathian age and it is a clear indication of tectonic activity, represented by a mild unconformity. This event represents a change in the sedimentary characteristics (reactivation) of the unit and from here to the top of the unit are found the first signals of biotic recovery, represented by tetrapod footprints, plants, roots and bioturbation. All of these characteristics and the esti mated age represented by the MBS-5 event permit this surface to be related to the coeval Hardegsen un conformity of Central-Western Europe. These first signals of biotic recovery can thus be related to an increased oxygen supply due to the new created paleogeographical corridors in the context of this tectonic activity. These biotic signals occurred 5 My after the Permian-Triassic limit crisis; a similar delay as oc curred in other coeval and neigh boring basins.

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Climatic and tectonic controls on Triassic dryland terminal fluvial system architecture, central North Sea

McKie

2014

From Depositional Systems to Sedimentary Successions on the Norwegian Continental Margin

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Causes and consequences of extreme Permo-Triassic warming to globally equable climate and relation to the Permo-Triassic extinction and recovery

Cited by 294 publications

References 133 publications

High-resolution carbon isotope changes in the Permian–Triassic boundary interval, Chongqing, South China; implications for control and growth of earliest Triassic microbialites

High-resolution carbon isotope changes in the Permian–Triassic boundary interval, Chongqing, South China; implications for control and growth of earliest Triassic microbialites

Sedimentary evolution of the continental Early–Middle Triassic Cañizar Formation (Central Spain): Implications for life recovery after the Permian–Triassic crisis

Climatic and tectonic controls on Triassic dryland terminal fluvial system architecture, central North Sea

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