Causes and consequences of childhood maltreatment: insights from genomics

Pezzoli, Patrizia; Saudino, Kimberly J.

doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(21)00042-0

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Recent studies reveal that the propensity to experience and to report child maltreatment may have some genetic basis in part [71][72][73]. Furthermore, agreements between retrospective and prospective reports of child maltreatment are significantly correlated but to a low degree [74].…”

Section: Generational Embodiment (Genetics) / Historical Trauma (Epig...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms by which adverse childhood experiences, other traumas and PTSD influence the health and well-being of individuals with eating disorders throughout the life span

Brewerton

2022

J Eat Disord

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Background Multiple published sources from around the world have confirmed an association between an array of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and other traumatic events with eating disorders (EDs) and related adverse outcomes, including higher morbidity and mortality. Methods In keeping with this Special Issue’s goals, this narrative review focuses on the ACEs pyramid and its purported mechanisms through which child maltreatment and other forms of violence toward human beings influence the health and well-being of individuals who develop EDs throughout the life span. Relevant literature on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is highlighted when applicable. Results At every level of the pyramid, it is shown that EDs interact with each of these proclaimed escalating mechanisms in a bidirectional manner that contributes to the predisposition, precipitation and perpetuation of EDs and related medical and psychiatric comorbidities, which then predispose to early death. The levels and their interactions that are discussed include the contribution of generational embodiment (genetics) and historical trauma (epigenetics), social conditions and local context, the ACEs and other traumas themselves, the resultant disrupted neurodevelopment, subsequent social, emotional and cognitive impairment, the adoption of health risk behaviors, and the development of disease, disability and social problems, all resulting in premature mortality by means of fatal complications and/or suicide. Conclusions The implications of these cascading, evolving, and intertwined perspectives have important implications for the assessment and treatment of EDs using trauma-informed care and trauma-focused integrated treatment approaches. This overview offers multiple opportunities at every level for the palliation and prevention of EDs and other associated trauma-related conditions, including PTSD.

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Section: Generational Embodiment (Genetics) / Historical Trauma (Epig...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms by which adverse childhood experiences, other traumas and PTSD influence the health and well-being of individuals with eating disorders throughout the life span

Brewerton

2022

J Eat Disord

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“…For example, since borderline personality is partly heritable and associated with maltreatment and IPV (63)(64)(65), genetic vulnerability to borderline personality may contribute to the genetic sources of covariation between these two experiences. Long recognized in criminological research (66), the role of personal characteristics in victimization remains understudied, possibly due to concerns that findings may be misrepresented as placing blame on victims (67,68). However, successful prevention requires support for victims, alongside measures targeting perpetrators, and comprehensive knowledge of the pathways leading to victimization, including personal vulnerabilities (46,69).…”

Section: The Utility Of Genetically Informed Designs To Disentangle R...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal and common risk pathways linking childhood maltreatment to later intimate partner violence victimization

Pezzoli,

Pingault,

Eley

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Childhood maltreatment and intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization are major psychiatric risk factors. Maltreatment substantially increases the likelihood of subsequent IPV victimization, but what drives this association is poorly understood. We analyzed retrospective self-reports of maltreatment and IPV in 12794 participants (58% women, 42% men) from the Twins Early Development Study at ages 21 and 26 using quantitative genetic methods. We estimated the etiological influences common to maltreatment and IPV, and the direct causal effect of maltreatment on IPV beyond such common influences. Participants exposed to maltreatment (~7% of the sample) were 3 times more likely to experience IPV victimization than their peers at age 21, 4 times more likely at 26. The association between maltreatment and IPV was mostly due to environmental influences shared by co-twins (42-43%) and genetic influences (30–33%). The association between maltreatment and IPV was similar for women and men, but its etiology partly differed by sex. Maltreatment had a moderate-to-large effect on IPV in phenotypic models (β = 0.23–0.34), decreasing to a small-to-moderate range in causal models accounting for their common etiology (β = 0.15–0.21). Risk factors common to maltreatment and IPV victimization are largely familial in origin, environmental and genetic. Even considering common risk factors, experiencing maltreatment is causally related to subsequent IPV victimization. Interventions promoting safe intimate relationships among young adults exposed to maltreatment are warranted and should address family-level environmental risk and individual-level risk shaped by genetics.

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Causes and consequences of childhood maltreatment: insights from genomics

Cited by 2 publications

References 10 publications

Mechanisms by which adverse childhood experiences, other traumas and PTSD influence the health and well-being of individuals with eating disorders throughout the life span

Mechanisms by which adverse childhood experiences, other traumas and PTSD influence the health and well-being of individuals with eating disorders throughout the life span

Causal and common risk pathways linking childhood maltreatment to later intimate partner violence victimization

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