Cause-specific mortality for 249 causes in Brazil and states during 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2015

Abstract

BackgroundReliable data on cause of death (COD) are fundamental for planning and resource allocation priorities. We used GBD 2015 estimates to examine levels and trends for the leading causes of death in Brazil from 1990 to 2015.MethodsWe describe the main analytical approaches focused on both overall and specific causes of death for Brazil and Brazilian states.ResultsThere was an overall improvement in life expectancy at birth from 1990 to 2015, but with important heterogeneity among states. Reduced mortality due to diarrhea, lower respiratory infections, and other infectious diseases contributed the most for increasing life expectancy in most states from the North and Northeast regions. Reduced mortality due to cardiovascular diseases was the highest contributor in the South, Southeast, and Center West regions. However, among men, intentional injuries reduced life expectancy in 17 out of 27 states. Although age-standardized rates due to ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular disease declined over time, these remained the leading CODs in the country and states. In contrast, leading causes of premature mortality changed substantially - e.g., diarrheal diseases moved from 1st to 13th and then the 36th position in 1990, 2005, and 2015, respectively, while violence moved from 7th to 1st and to 2nd. Overall, the total age-standardized years of life lost (YLL) rate was reduced from 1990 to 2015, bringing the burden of premature deaths closer to expected rates given the country’s Socio-demographic Index (SDI). In 1990, IHD, stroke, diarrhea, neonatal preterm birth complications, road injury, and violence had ratios higher than the expected, while in 2015 only violence was higher, overall and in all states, according to the SDI.ConclusionsA widespread reduction of mortality levels occurred in Brazil from 1990 to 2015, particularly among children under 5 years old. Major shifts in mortality rates took place among communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders. The mortality profile has shifted to older ages with increases in non-communicable diseases as well as premature deaths due to violence. Policymakers should address health interventions accordingly.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12963-017-0156-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Cardiovascular and cancer mortality in Brazil from 1990 to 2017

“…The most frequent components are cardiovascular diseases and cancer, both worldwide and in Brazil. [1][2] Recently, an analysis conducted at the Center for Diseases Control and Prevention revealed that cancer may be about to surpass heart diseases as the leading killer in the United States. 3 I analyzed the trends of both cancer and cardiovascular diseases (including heart and cerebrovascular diseases) in Brazil using data from the Global Burden of Diseases study 2017, which are available online (http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool).…”

Progress toward eliminating TB and HIV deaths in Brazil, 2001–2015: a spatial assessment

“…The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study collaborators modelled mortality due to an exhaustive set of causes, including HIV and TB, at the state level for 1990 through to 2015 [4]. Other investigations modelled mortality or case notifications at finer spatial scale for portions of the country [17–20].…”

Melhoria da qualidade do registro da causa básica de morte por causas externas a partir do relacionamento de dados dos setores Saúde, Segurança Pública e imprensa, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014

“…2 Between 1990 and 2015, despite the reduction in external cause mortality rates from 105.1 to 81.2/100,000 inhabitants, deaths from violence not only revealed alarming rates but also went from seventh to second place as the cause of years of life lost -owing to premature death -in Brazil. 3 In 2012 the Mortality Information System (SIM) reached a satisfactory level for anaylzing mortality patterns, having 92% coverage on average and reaching 100% in some states. 4 Notwithstanding, as well as coverage, accurate reporting is an indispensable quality parameter for reliable analysis.…”