Cause‐specific mortality by race in low‐income Black and White people with Type 2 diabetes

Abstract

AimTo investigate, with extended follow-up, cause-specific mortality among low-income Black and White Americans with Type 2 diabetes who have similar socio-economic status.MethodsBlack and White Americans aged 40–79 years with Type 2 diabetes (n = 12 498) were recruited from community health centres as part of the Southern Community Cohort Study. Multivariable Cox analysis was used to estimate mortality hazard ratios and 95% CIs for subsequent cause-specific mortality, based on both underlying and contributing causes of death.ResultsDuring the follow-up (median 5.9 years), 13.3% of the study population died. The leading causes of death in each race were ischaemic heart disease, respiratory disorders, cancer, renal failure and heart failure; however, Blacks were at a lower risk of dying from ischaemic heart disease (hazard ratio 0.70, 95% CI 0.54–0.91) or respiratory disorders (hazard ratio 0.70, 0.53–0.92) than Whites but had higher or similar mortality attributable to renal failure (hazard ratio 1.57, 95% CI 1.02–2.40), heart failure (hazard ratio 1.47, 95% CI 0.98–2.19) and cancer (hazard ratio 0.87, 95% CI 0.62–1.22). Risk factors for each cause of death were generally similar in each race.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the leading causes of death and their risk factors are largely similar among Black and White Americans with diabetes. For the two leading causes of death in each race, however, ischaemic heart disease and respiratory disorders, the magnitude of risk is lower among Black Americans and contributes to their higher survival rates.

Diabetes and Mortality From Respiratory Diseases: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study

“…A number of studies have explored the association between diabetes and the risk of mortality from respiratory disease. 9,15,16 A cohort study of 0.5 million Chinese people found that diabetes was associated with increased risk of mortality from total respiratory diseases (RR 1.29; 95% CI, 1.10-1.51) and pneumonia (RR 2.47; 95% CI, 1.80-3.38). 9 In addition, Wright et al 15 conducted a cohort study including 187,968 type 2 diabetes patients and 908,016 matched controls, where the result showed that South Asians with diabetes had lower adjusted risk of respiratory disease mortality (HR 0.60; 95% CI, 0.48-0.76) when compared to whites with diabetes.…”

Analysis of the assortment of antidiabetic drugs at the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine

“…India occupies the leading positions and supplies 35 drugs of the group studied to Ukraine. A wide assortment of antidiabetic drugs is presented by Germany (16 trade names), Poland (16 names), France (14), Denmark (10) and Italy (8).…”

“…The largest number of people with diabetes is of the age from 40 to 59 years. According to the WHO data, two new cases of diabetes are diagnosed every six seconds, and one person dies because of its complications [8,11]. In 2013, diabetes caused about 5.1 million of deaths [12].…”

An Analysis of The Morbidity and Mortality of Diabetes Mellitus in a Forensic Context

“…Conway et al. summarized the causes of death among 1660 type 2 diabetics aged between 40 and 79 and reported the leading causes of death as ischemic heart disease ( n = 311), respiratory disorders ( n = 303), cancer ( n = 232), renal failure ( n = 200), heart failure ( n = 191), and sepsis ( n = 170) .…”

“…The leading causes of death were cardiovascular disease (n = 10,627), cancer (n = 3368), diabetes (n = 2484), other causes of death (n = 1455), and respiratory disease (n = 1310) (15). Conway et al summarized the causes of death among 1660 type 2 diabetics aged between 40 and 79 and reported the leading causes of death as ischemic heart disease (n = 311), respiratory disorders (n = 303), cancer (n = 232), renal failure (n = 200), heart failure (n = 191), and sepsis (n = 170) (16).…”